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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2023.tde-23062023-143514
Document
Author
Full name
Roberta Avila do Nascimento Tavares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Podgaec, Sérgio (President)
Monteleone, Pedro Augusto Araujo
Maranhao, Raul Cavalcante
Pinto, Cristina Laguna Benetti
Title in Portuguese
Tratamento clínico de endometriose profunda com uso de droga antiproliferativa (metotrexato) acoplado a nanoemulsão lipídica (LDE)
Keywords in Portuguese
Dor pélvica
Endometriose
Metotrexato
Nanoemulsão
Nanopartículas
Terapia alvo
Tratamento clínico
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: Dor pélvica e infertilidade são os sintomas mais comuns em pacientes com endometriose, com forte impacto na qualidade de vida. A doença está associada a inflamação e níveis elevados de citocinas no plasma, o que sustenta a hipótese de que a dor na endometriose está relacionada ao processo inflamatório subjacente. Tanto o tratamento hormonal quanto o cirúrgico da endometriose apresentam limitações, o que incentiva a busca por novas abordagens terapêuticas. Em estudo anterior, foi demonstrado que, assim como os tumores malignos, as lesões de endometriose profunda exibiam superexpressão de receptores de LDL. Posteriormente, também foi demonstrado que o LDE foi intensamente captado por essas lesões. Essas descobertas sinalizam para a possibilidade do uso do LDE como carreador de drogas no tratamento da endometriose, especialmente em mulheres com lesões difíceis de excisar cirurgicamente. Objetivo: avaliar a segurança e eficácia do uso do metotrexato acoplado à nanoemulsão lipídica (LDE-MTX) para o tratamento clínico da endometriose profunda intestinal. Pacientes e métodos: Estudo piloto, com uma coorte de 11 pacientes com endometriose profunda e intestinal, que receberam uma dose (n=3) intravenosa de LDE-MTX (25 mg/m2), ou duas doses (n=8) de LDE-MTX (total 50 mg/m2), com intervalo de uma semana. Todas as pacientes tinham queixa de dor pélvica com nota maior ou igual a 7 na escala visual analógica de dor (EVA) e todas apresentavam ultrassom pélvico e transvaginal com preparo intestinal indicando a presença de lesão intestinal acometendo, no mínimo, a camada muscular interna da parede do retossigmóide. As pacientes foram avaliadas quanto às queixas clínicas antes e após 90, 120 e 180 dias da medicação e examinadas antes e após 180 dias da medicação. As lesões de endometriose foram mensuradas por meio do ultrassom antes e após 30 e 180 dias da medicação; exames laboratoriais para controle de toxicidade foram realizados antes e após 90 e 180 dias. Resultados: As pacientes apresentavam idade entre 30 e 47 anos, eram primíparas na maioria (54,55%) e, em média, tinham sobrepeso (IMC médio de 26,15 kg/m2 6,50). Oito pacientes faziam uso de medicação hormonal e nove faziam uso de medicação analgésica. A maioria das pacientes não apresentou eventos adversos durante a infusão do LDE-MTX, mas sintomas tardios como náuseas (n=7) e dor abdominal (n=6) foram reportados. Os escores de dispareunia (p<0,001), dor pélvica acíclica (p=0,008) e disquezia (p=0,025) melhoraram significativamente ao longo do período avaliado. A queixa de dismenorreia mostrou redução na EVA, mas não estatisticamente significativa. Não houve mudanças no exame físico das pacientes. As lesões intestinais visualizadas ao ultrassom não apresentaram mudança significativa em relação ao tamanho e diâmetro. As dosagens séricas de FSH, LH, hormônio anti-mülleriano e prolactina não apresentaram alteração estatisticamente significativa. Os valores de TSH, AST, ALT, hemoglobina, leucócitos e plaquetas apresentaram aumento estatisticamente significativo; no entanto, excetuando o TSH, todos os outros parâmetros se mantiveram dentro da faixa de normalidade. Subgrupo de análise entre infusão de uma ou duas doses de LDE-MTX não demonstrou diferença (p>0,005), mas encontrou diferença ao longo do tempo para dispareunia (p=0,002), dor acíclica (p=0,008) e disquezia (p=0,025), sendo observada diferença significativa entre os tempos, com comportamento diferente dentro de cada dose. Para a queixa de disquezia, o valor global de p, que é significativo, se atribui à realização de duas doses da medicação. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados observados no presente estudo, podemos concluir que houve melhora significativa nas queixas de dispareunia, dor pélvica acíclica e disquezia nas pacientes com endometriose profunda e intestinal tratadas com LDE-MTX, sem relato de eventos adversos graves. Em relação ao tamanho das lesões avaliadas por meio do ultrassom, não foram observadas mudanças. Entendemos que pesquisas futuras com diferentes doses desta medicação devem ser realizadas para melhor análise dos potenciais benefícios desse modelo inovador de tratamento da endometriose
Title in English
Clinical treatment of deep infiltrative endometriosis with antiproliferative drug (methotrexate) carried in lipid core nanoparticles (LDE)
Keywords in English
Clinical treatment
Endometriosis
Methotrexate
Nanoemulsion
Nanoparticles
Pelvic pain
Target therapy
Abstract in English
Introduction: Pelvic pain and infertility are the most common symptoms in patients with endometriosis, with strong impact on the quality of life. The disease is associated with inflammation and higher levels of cytokines in the plasma, which supports the hypothesis that pain in endometriosis is mostly associated with the underlying inflammatory process. Both hormonal and surgical treatment of endometriosis have limitations. In view of the difficulties in the management of the disease, the search for novel therapeutic approaches is appealing. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that, similarly to malignant tumors, deep bowel endometriotic lesions also exhibit overexpression of LDL receptors. Subsequently, it was also showed that LDE was intensively taken-up by endometriotic lesions. Those findings paved the avenue for the use of LDE as drug carrier in the treatment of endometriosis, especially in women with lesions difficult to excise surgically. Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of intravenous methotrexate carried in lipid core nanoparticles (LDE-MTX) in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) in the rectosigmoid area. Patients and methods: This is a pilot, cohort study with 11 women with bowel endometriosis, who received one dose (n=3) of intravenous LDE-MTX (25 mg/m2), or two doses (n=8) (total 50 mg/m2). When two doses were applied, it was given one week interval between them. All patients had Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain score equal or higher than 7 (n=11), and all had transvaginal ultrasound exam with bowel preparation (TVUS-BP) with bowel lesion affecting, at least, the internal muscle layer. Patients were evaluated for clinical complaints before and after 90, 120 e 180 days of medication and examined before and after 180 days of medication. Endometriotic lesions were measured by TVUS-BP before and after 30 and 180 days of medication; laboratory tests for toxicity control were performed before and after 90 and 180 days. Results: Women presented 30-47 years old, were mostly primiparous (54.55%) and, in average, overweight (mean BMI=26.15 kg/m2 6.50). Eight patients used hormonal medication and nine used analgesic medication. Most patients did not experience any adverse events during the infusion of LDE-MTX and late symptoms such as nausea (n=7) and abdominal pain (n=6) have been reported. The scores of dyspareunia (p<0,001), acyclic pain (p=0,008) and dyschezia (p=0,025) improved significantly over the period evaluated. The complaint of dysmenorrhea showed a reduction in the VAS, but not statistically significant. There were no changes in the physical examination of patients. Bowel lesions detected by TVUS did not change significantly in relation to size/ diameter. The serum measurements of FSH, LH, anti-mullerian hormone and prolactin did not show any significant change. The values of TSH, AST, ALT, hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets showed a statistically significant increase; however, with the exception of TSH, all other parameters remained within the normal range. Subgroup analysis between doses showed no difference between doses (p> 0,005) but found a difference over time for dyspareunia (p = 0.002), acyclic pain (p = 0.008) and dyschezia (p = 0,025) (there was a difference between times, with different behavior within each dose). For the complaint of dyschezia, the global value of p, which is significant, is attributed to the infusion of two doses of the drug. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, we can conclude that there was a significant improvement in complaints of dyspareunia, acyclic pain and dyschezia in patients with deep bowel endometriosis treated with LDE-MTX and serious adverse events were not reported. Regarding the size of the lesions assessed by ultrasound, no changes were observed. We understand that future research with different doses of this medication should be carried out to better analyze the potential benefits of this innovative model of treatment of endometriosis
 
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Publishing Date
2023-07-04
 
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