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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-08082023-165429
Document
Author
Full name
Tatiana Assunção Zaccara
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Costa, Rafaela Alkmin da (President)
Brizot, Maria de Lourdes
Magalhães, Claudia Garcia
Giannella, Maria Lucia Cardillo Correa
Title in Portuguese
Teste oral de tolerância à glicose alterado na gestação: comparação entre pacientes com diabetes gestacional e diabetes na gestação segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde
Keywords in Portuguese
Complicações na gravidez
Diabetes mellitus gestacional
Gravidez
Intolerância à glucose
Organização Mundial da Saúde
Abstract in Portuguese
Reconhecendo o impacto que a hiperglicemia na gestação pode ter sobre a paciente e seu feto e também sobre o sistema de saúde e que diferentes níveis de hiperglicemia levam a diferentes consequências, objetivamos comparar as pacientes que atingiram os níveis glicêmicos diagnósticos para diabetes mellitus gestacional ou diabetes na gestação, de acordo com os critérios propostos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, baseados no teste de tolerância oral à glicose de 75 gramas. Esta coorte retrospectiva incluiu 1064 gestantes seguidas na Unidade de Diabetes Gestacional do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. As pacientes foram classificadas como grupo "diabetes mellitus gestacional" (DMG) ou grupo "diabetes in pregnancy" (DIP) de acordo com os resultados de seu teste oral de tolerância à glicose. Os prontuários eletrônicos foram revisados para a obtenção de dados clínicos e laboratoriais de todas as pacientes. Mulheres do grupo DIP apresentaram maior índice de massa corpórea (30,5 vs 28,1 kg/m2, odds ratio [OR] 1,07, intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% 1,021,11), mais frequentemente tinham história de diabetes gestacional prévio (25% vs. 11%, OR 2,71, IC 95% 1,176,27), e mais frequentemente apresentavam hipertensão arterial sistêmica (43,1% vs. 23,5%, OR 2,46, IC 95% 1,474,11), gestação gemelar no momento do estudo (10,8% vs. 2,9%, OR 4,04, IC 95% 1,709,61), e necessidade de insulina para tratamento da hiperglicemia (46,1% vs. 14,3%, OR 5,14, IC 95% 3,068,65) do que as gestantes do grupo DMG. Pacientes do grupo DIP também tiveram mais frequentemente recém-nascidos grandes para a idade gestacional (12,3% vs. 5,1%, OR 2,78, IC 95% 1,236,27) e resultado alterado no teste oral de tolerância à glicose puerperal (45,9% vs. 12,6%, OR 5,91, IC 95% 2,9311,90) em comparação com o grupo DMG. Não obstante, mais de metade das mulheres do grupo DIP apresentaram teste puerperal normal. Diabetes na gestação está associado a aumento na frequência de desfechos perinatais adversos, mas não significa manutenção do diagnóstico de hiperglicemia após a gravidez. É preciso identificar e oferecer acompanhamento frequente e criterioso a essas mulheres durante e após a gestação
Title in English
Abnormal oral glucose tolerance test during pregnancy: comparison between patients with gestational diabetes and diabetes in pregnancy according to the World Health Organization criteria
Keywords in English
Gestational diabetes mellitus
Glucose intolerance
Pregnancy
Pregnancy complications
World Health Organization
Abstract in English
Hyperglycemia in pregnancy can impact a patients health and the healthcare system, and different levels of hyperglycemia lead to different consequences. To better understand part of this impact, we aimed to evaluate the differences and similarities between patients who met the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or diabetes in pregnancy (DIP) according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria based on the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This retrospective cohort included 1064 women followed-up at the Gestational Diabetes Unit of Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo (Sao Paulo, Brazil). Patients were classified into GDM and DIP groups, according to their OGTT results. Their electronic charts were reviewed to obtain clinical and laboratory data for all participants. Women in the DIP group had a higher body mass index (30.5 vs 28.1 kg/m2, odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.021.11), more frequently experienced GDM in a previous pregnancy (25% vs. 11%, OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.176.27), and were more likely to have chronic hypertension (43.1% vs. 23.5%, OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.474.11), a current twin pregnancy (10.8% vs. 2.9%, OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.709.61), or require insulin (46.1% vs. 14.3%, OR 5.14, 95% CI 3.068.65) than those in the GDM group. Patients in the DIP group also had a higher frequency of large-for-gestational-age infants (12.3% vs. 5.1%, OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.236.27) and abnormal postpartum OGTT (45.9% vs. 12.6%, OR 5.91, 95% CI 2.9311.90) than those in the GDM group. Nevertheless, in more than half of the DIP patients, glucose levels returned to normal after birth. Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes but does not equate to a diagnosis of diabetes post-pregnancy. It is necessary to identify and offer frequent counseling to these women during and after pregnancy
 
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Publishing Date
2023-08-15
 
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