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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-24112022-130110
Document
Author
Full name
André Macedo Serafim da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Zanoteli, Edmar (President)
Kok, Fernando
Oliveira, Acary Souza Bulle
Sobreira, Claudia Ferreira da Rosa
Title in Portuguese
Estudo clínico, histológico e molecular de pacientes com miopatias distal e miofibrilar
Keywords in Portuguese
Deminopatia
Desmina
Miopatia miofibrilar
Miopatia vacuolar
Miopatias distais
Abstract in Portuguese
As miopatias distais (MD) são um grupo heterogêneo de doenças musculares com predomínio de fraqueza nas extremidades distais, enquanto as miopatias miofibrilares (MMF) são doenças musculares esqueléticas e cardíacas com agregados proteicos do disco Z e desarranjo miofibrilar. Ambas as condições podem apresentar fraqueza distal predominante e demonstrar uma histologia vacuolar associada, levando a certa sobreposição fenotípica. Este estudo visa identificar pacientes diagnosticados com MD e MMF, com o objetivo de caracterizá-los sob os aspectos clínicos, histológicos e moleculares e comparar os diferentes subtipos dessas miopatias. Trata-se de um estudo observacional retrospectivo com pacientes identificados no ambulatório do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo com diagnóstico histológico de miopatia miofibrilar e diagnóstico clínico de miopatia distal. Os pacientes foram avaliados clinicamente após convite e consentimento informado. Biópsias musculares foram revisadas e analisadas quanto à desorganização de miofibrilas, presença de vacuolização e acúmulo de produtos de degradação proteica intracitoplasmático. Pacientes sem diagnóstico molecular foram submetidos ao sequenciamento de nova geração utilizando um painel customizado, com cobertura para os seguintes genes: DES, CRYAB, MYOT, LDB3, FLNC, TIA1, MYH7, GNE, BAG3, DNAJB6, TTN, PLEC, FHL1, LMNA. Aqueles pacientes com resultados negativos ou inconclusivos foram submetidos ao sequenciamento completo do exoma. Foram incluídos 34 pacientes (23 famílias) com MMF e 20 pacientes (19 famílias) com MD. Entre as famílias com MMF, as variantes em DES foram a principal causa (n=8), seguidas por TTN (n=4), FHL1 (n=3), FLNC (n=2), BAG3 (n=2), MYOT (n=1) e HNRNPA2B1 (n=1). Entre as famílias com MD, DYSF (n=6) e GNE (n=4) foram os genes mais frequentes, seguidos por MYH7 (n=2), NEB (n=2), TTN (n=1), ANO5 (n=1), RYR1 (n=1) e DNM2 (n=1). A gravidade do comprometimento motor ocorreu em proporção parecida entre a miopatia distal e a miopatia miofibrilar, sendo mais acentuado nos pacientes com variantes nos genes BAG3, FHL1, MYH7 e GNE. As miopatias miofibrilares apresentaram maior proporção e gravidade de comprometimento cardiorrespiratório. A miopatia por DES foi relacionada à maior frequência de cardiopatias. Variantes na TTN foram associadas a diferentes fenótipos e presença de insuficiência respiratória e cardiopatia. A miopatia por BAG3 se apresentou de forma precoce, com contraturas axiais e comprometimento cardiorespiratório. Os pacientes com FHL1 apresentaram miopatia do corpo redutor na infância, histologia inflamatória e um fenótipo escapuloperoneal entre as mulheres portadoras. Observamos o fenótipo clássico de Miyoshi na disferlinopatia e na anoctaminopatia. A miopatia por GNE, por sua vez, apresentou-se com envolvimento dos músculos tibiais anteriores. Alguns genes relacionados a miopatias congênitas também foram causadores de MD (TTN, RYR1, DNM2) e foram inicialmente diagnosticados como neuropatia hereditária, devido precocidade dos achados e deformidades distais. MD e MMF compreendem grupos heterogêneos, mas suas características fenotípicas permitem a relativa categorização em subgrupos. Reconhecer essas miopatias é importante devido à sua gravidade potencial, complicações cardíacas precoces e insuficiência respiratória, que pode levar à morte evitável
Title in English
Clinical, histological and molecular study of patients with distal and myofibrillar myopathies
Keywords in English
Desmin
Distal myopathies
Myofibrillar myopathy
Vacuolar myopathy
Vacuolar myopathy desminopathy
Abstract in English
Distal myopathies (DM) are a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases featuring a predominance of weakness in the distal extremities, while myofibrillar myopathies (MFM) are skeletal and cardiac muscle diseases with Z-disk protein aggregates and myofibril disarray observable upon muscle biopsy. Both conditions may present with predominant distal weakness and demonstrate a vacuolar histology, leading to some phenotypic overlap. This study aims to identify patients diagnosed with distal myopathies and myofibrillary myopathies with the aim of characterizing them under clinical, histological and molecular aspects, classifying them and comparing the different subtypes of these myopathies. This is a retrospective observational study with patients identified at the outpatient clinic of Hospital das Clinicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo with histological diagnosis of myofibrillar myopathy and clinical diagnosis of distal myopathy. The patients were evaluated clinically after an invitation and informed consent. Muscle biopsies were reviewed and analyzed for myofibril breakdown, presence of vacuolization and accumulation of protein degradation products in the intracytoplasmic environment. Patients without molecular diagnosis were submitted to new generation sequencing using a customized panel with coverage for the following genes: DES, CRYAB, MYOT, LDB3, FLNC, TIA1, MYH7, GNE, BAG3, DNAJB6, TTN, PLEC, FHL1, LMNA. Those patients with negative or inconclusive results underwent a complete exome sequencing. We included 54 patients from 42 families: 34 patients (23 families) with MFMs, and 20 patients (19 families) with DMs. Among the MFM families, variants in DES were the main cause (n=8), followed by TTN (n=4), FHL1 (n=3), FLNC (n=2), BAG3 (n=2), MYOT (n=1) and HNRNPA2B1 (n=1). Among the DM families, DYSF (n=6) and GNE (n=4) were the most frequent disease-causative genes, followed by MYH7 (n=2), NEB (n=2), TTN (n=1), ANO5 (n=1), RYR1 (n=1), and DNM2 (n=1). The severity of motor impairment occurred in a similar proportion between distal myopathy and myofibrillar myopathy, being more pronounced in patients with variants in the BAG3, FHL1, MYH7 and GNE. Myofibrillar myopathies had a higher proportion and severity of cardiorespiratory impairment. DES myopathy was related to more frequent heart disease. Variants in TTN were associated with different phenotypes, but the presence of respiratory failure and heart disease. BAG3 myopathy was an early subgroup with axial contractures, cardiac and respiratory impairment. FHL1 patients presented with reducing body myopathy in childhood, inflammatory histology, and a scapuloperoneal phenotype among female carriers. We observed the Miyoshi phenotype in dysferlinopathy and anoctaminopathy. GNE myopathy, in turn, presented with involvement of the anterior leg muscles and vacuolar histology. Some genes related to congenital myopathies were also causes of DM (TTN, RYR1, DNM2) and were confounded with hereditary neuropathy, due to early findings and distal deformities. DM and MFM comprise heterogeneous groups, but their phenotypic characteristics allow relative categorization into subgroups. Recognizing these myopathies is important due to their potential severity, early cardiac complications, and respiratory failure, which can lead to preventable death
 
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Publishing Date
2022-11-30
 
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