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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2020.tde-06072020-174059
Document
Author
Full name
Elyse Soares Ribeiro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Paiva, Wellingson Silva (President)
Andrade, Almir Ferreira de
Gascón, Maria Rita Polo
Tavares, Wagner Malagó
Title in Portuguese
Estudo prospectivo das alterações neuropsicológicas e prognósticas em pacientes idosos com hematoma subdural crônico
Keywords in Portuguese
Disfunção cognitiva
Fatores prognósticos
Hematoma subdural crônico
Idoso
Neuropsicologia
Reserva cognitiva
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: O hematoma subdural crônico (HSDC) é uma das condições mais comuns encontradas na prática neurocirúrgica e frequentemente acomete pacientes idosos. São escassos os estudos que investigam os aspectos cognitivos pós-operatórios recentes e/ou tardios de idosos acometidos por HSDC. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho cognitivo no pós-operatório recente e tardio de idosos acometidos por hematomas subdurais crônicos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectiva que incluiu pacientes idosos (60 anos ou mais) que realizaram tratamento cirúrgico de HSDC e grupo controle composto por indivíduos saudáveis. Os pacientes foram avaliados 1 mês após o procedimento cirúrgico (fase 1) e reavaliados após 7 meses (fase 2). Os testes neuropsicológicos foram agrupados em cinco domínios (atenção, funcionamento executivo, memória de longo prazo, linguagem e visuopercepção), com pontuação padronizada (z-score). Também utilizou-se escalas de funcionalidade e humor. Foram conduzidas analises estatísticas descritivas, correlações de Spearman ou Pearson, comparações entre grupos com Mann-Whitney ou T-Student e análises de regressão multivariada. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 81 idosos, distribuídos em dois grupos. Trinta e nove indivíduos realizaram tratamento cirúrgico de HSDC, sendo 56,4% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 74,8 ± 7,9 anos (range 60-90 anos) e escolaridade média de 7,1 ± 3,6 anos (range 4-16 anos). O grupo controle foi composto por 42 indivíduos, sendo 56,4% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 71,9 anos ± 5,3 anos (range 61-83 anos) e escolaridade média de 8,4 anos ± 3,3 anos (range 4-16). Na comparação entre grupo controle e doentes na fase 1, houve diferença significativa nos domínios atenção (p < 0,001), linguagem (p=0,002) e visuopercepção (p=0,029). Na fase 2, a comparação entre grupo controle e doentes evidenciou diferenças significativas para os domínios atenção (p < 0,001) e funcionamento executivo (p=0,033). Também para a fase 2, foi evidenciada correlação entre a reserva cognitiva e todos os domínios cognitivos: atenção (r²=0.651, p < 0.001), funcionamento executivo (r²=0.680, p < 0.001), memória de longo prazo (r²=0.505, p=0.001), linguagem (r²=0.522, p < 0.001) e visuopercepção (r²=0.595, p < 0.001). Observou-se ainda correlação negativa entre a idade e atenção (p=0,019, r=-0,372) e funcionamento executivo (p=0,005, r=-0,434). Verificou-se correlação positiva entre a escolaridade e atenção (p =< 0,001; r=0,650) e funcionamento executivo (p =< 0,001; r=0.579), bem como com a memória de longo prazo (p=0.017; r=0,379) e visuopercepção (p=0,003; r=0,458). Na análise multivariada, a reserva cognitiva manteve associação consistente com todos os domínios cognitivos. Não houve associação entre os sintomas de humor e os domínios cognitivos. Com o passar do tempo houve melhora apenas no domínio linguagem (p =< 0,001). Houve melhora na capacidade funcional (p =< 0,001) e tendência à significância na redução da frequência dos sintomas ansiosos (p=0,054). CONCLUSÃO: Os idosos que realizaram procedimento cirúrgico para HSDC apresentaram comprometimento na avaliação neuropsicológica, com perfil cognitivo recente caracterizado por prejuízo na atenção, linguagem e visuopercepção, enquanto no desfecho tardio houve prejuízo em atenção e funcionamento executivo. Houve associação consistente entre a reserva cognitiva e melhor desempenho neuropsicológico na avaliação tardia. Sintomas ansiosos e funcionalidade tendem a apresentar melhora com o passar do tempo
Title in English
Prospective study on neuropsychological and prognostic changes in elderly patients with chronic subdural hematoma
Keywords in English
Aged
Cognitive dysfunction
Cognitive reserve
Hematoma subdural chronic
Neuropsychology
Prognostic factors
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common conditions found in neurosurgical practice and often affects elderly patients. There is a shortage of studies investigating the early and/or late postoperative cognitive aspects of elderly people suffering from CSDH. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the early and late postoperative cognitive performance of elderly people with chronic subdural hematomas. METHODS: This is a prospective cohort study that included elderly patients (60 years or older) who underwent surgical treatment for CSDH and a control group composed of healthy individuals. Patients were evaluated 1 month after the surgical procedure (phase 1) and re-evaluated after 7 months (phase 2). Neuropsychological tests were grouped into five domains (attention, executive functioning, long-term memory, language and visual perception), with a standardized score (z-score). We also used functionality and mood scales. Moreover, we performed descriptive statistical analyzes, Spearman or Pearson correlations, comparisons between groups with Mann-Whitney or T-Student, and multivariate regression analyzes. RESULTS: We included a total of 81 elderly people, divided into two groups. We noted that 39 individuals underwent surgical treatment for CSDH, 56.4% of them were men, with an average age of 74.8 ± 7.9 years (range 60-90 years) and an average education level of 7.1 ± 3.6 years (range 4-16 years). The control group was composed of 42 individuals, 56.4% of them were men, with an average age of 71.9 years ± 5.3 years (range 61-83 years) and an average education level of 8.4 years ± 3.3 years (range 4-16). In the comparison between control group and patients in phase 1, there was a significant difference in the attention (p < 0.001), language (p=0.002) and visual perception (p=0.029) domains. In phase 2, the comparison between control group and patients showed significant differences for the attention (p < 0.001) and executive functioning (p=0.033) domains. Also in phase 2, we found a correlation between cognitive reserve and all cognitive domains: attention (r²=0.651; p < 0.001), executive functioning (r²=0.680; p < 0.001), long-term memory (r²=0.505; p=0.001), language (r²=0.522; p < 0.001) and visual perception (r²=0.595; p < 0.001). We also noted a negative correlation between age and attention (p=0.019; r=-0.372) and executive functioning (p=0.005; r=-0.434). Moreover, we found a positive correlation between education level and attention (p =< 0.001; r=0.650) and executive functioning (p =< 0.001; r=0.579), as well as with long-term memory (p=0.017; r=0.379) and visual perception (p =0.003; r=0.458). In multivariate analysis, cognitive reserve maintained a consistent association with all cognitive domains. There was no association between mood symptoms and cognitive domains. But as time passed, there was an improvement only in the language domain (p =< 0.001). In addition, there was an improvement in functional capacity (p =< 0.001) and a tendency towards significance in reducing the frequency of anxious symptoms (p=0.054). CONCLUSION: The elderly patients who underwent surgical procedures for CSDH showed impairment in neuropsychological evaluation, with early cognitive profile characterized by impaired attention, language and visual perception; while in late outcome, there was impairment in attention and executive functioning. There was a consistent association between cognitive reserve and better neuropsychological performance in the late evaluation. Anxious symptoms and functionality tend to show improvements as time passes
 
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Publishing Date
2021-04-06
 
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