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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2020.tde-05032021-125635
Document
Author
Full name
Sergio Paulo Brasil Lima
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Nogueira, Ricardo de Carvalho (President)
Paiva, Wellingson Silva
Taniguchi, Leandro Utino
Lucato, Leandro Tavares
Title in Portuguese
Acurácia da angiografia por tomografia computadorizada no diagnóstico de morte encefálica
Keywords in Portuguese
Angiografia cerebral
Angiografia por tomografia computadorizada
Doadores de tecidos
Exame neurológico
Morte encefálica
Obtenção de tecidos e órgãos
Tomografia computadorizada por raios X
Transplantes
Ultrassonografia Doppler transcraniana
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: Testes auxiliares para o diagnóstico de morte encefálica (ME) são frequentemente necessários. A angiotomografia computadorizada (ATC) é um método para avaliar a presença de parada circulatória intracraniana em pacientes com ME. No entanto, o uso de ATC permanece controverso nesse cenário, devido à falta de estudos controlados. Objetivos: Avaliar a acurácia da ATC para o diagnóstico da ME e definir os critérios tomográficos compatíveis com parada circulatória intracraniana. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, incluindo pacientes comatosos (Escala de Coma de Glasgow [ECG] <= 5), e submetidos à angiotomografia computadorizada (ATC) e Doppler transcraniano (DTC). Posteriormente à obtenção dos exames, procedeu-se à determinação neurológica da morte encefálica, interrompendo a avaliação neurológica ao primeiro sinal negativo para ME. Os examinadores de cada etapa (ATC, DTC e avaliação clínica) estavam cegados entre si para os resultados das demais avaliações. Resultados: Em um total de 106 pacientes incluídos, 52 não apresentavam critérios clínicos de ME, e nenhum desses pacientes teve parada circulatória encefálica observada por ATC ou DTC. Dos 54 pacientes com ME positiva, 33 preencheram os critérios de ausência bilateral das artérias cerebrais médias distais e veias cerebrais internas (escore de 4 pontos, sensibilidade 61,1%), enquanto 47 preencheram os critérios de ausência exclusiva de drenagem venosa profunda do cérebro (escore venoso, sensibilidade 87%). O DTC apresentou dois falso-negativos (sensibilidade de 96%). O tempo de intervalo entre as avaliações mostrou ser fator influenciador dos resultados, havendo maior acurácia quando os exames complementares foram realizados a menos de 12 horas antes da avaliação clínica. Conclusões: O uso de ATC é confiável para o diagnóstico de ME. O critério de ausência de opacificação da drenagem venosa profunda confirma parada circulatória cerebral
Title in English
Computed tomography angiography accuracy in brain death diagnosis
Keywords in English
Brain death, Tissue donors
Cerebral angiography, Transplants
Computed tomography angiography
Neurologic examination
Tissue and organ procurement donors
Tomography X ray-computed
Transcranial Doppler
Abstract in English
Object: The present study was designed to answer several concerns disclosed by systematic reviews, indicating no evidence to support the use of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of brain death (BD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess CTA for the diagnosis of BD and to define the optimal tomographic criteria of intracranial circulatory arrest. Methods: A unicenter prospective, observational case-control study was undertaken. Comatose patients (Glasgow Coma Scale <= 5), even subjects presenting with the first signs of BD, were included. CTA scanning of arterial and venous vasculature and transcranial Doppler (TCD) were performed. A neurological determination of BD and consequently determination of case (BD group) or control (no-BD group) was conducted. All personnel involved with assessing patients were blinded to further tests results. CTA accuracy was calculated based on the criteria of bilateral no visualization of the internal cerebral veins and the distal middle cerebral arteries, the 4-point score (4PS), and an exclusive criterion of absence of deep brain venous drainage exclusively, the venous score (VS), considering only the internal cerebral veins bilaterally. Results: A total of 106 patients were enrolled in this study; 52 patients did not have BD, and none of these patients had circulatory arrest observed by CTA or TCD (100% specificity). Of the 54 patients with a clinical diagnosis of BD, 33 met the 4PS (61.1% sensitivity), whereas 47 met the VS (87% sensitivity). The accuracy of CTA was time-related, with greater accuracy when scanning was performed less than 12 hours prior to the neurological assessment, reaching 95.5% sensitivity with the VS. Conclusions: CTA can reliably support a diagnosis of BD. The criterion of absence of deep venous opacification can confirm the occurrence of cerebral circulatory arrest
 
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Publishing Date
2021-03-15
 
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