• JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
  • JoomlaWorks Simple Image Rotator
 
  Bookmark and Share
 
 
Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2024.tde-25042024-161527
Document
Author
Full name
Pedro Campos Franco
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Bezerra, Milena Gurgel Teles (President)
Dib, Sérgio Atala
Salles, João Eduardo Nunes
Giannella, Maria Lucia Cardillo Correa
Title in Portuguese
Reanálise fenotípica e genotípica de indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de diabetes monogênico sem etiologia molecular estabelecida
Keywords in Portuguese
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Genética médica
Lipodistrofia parcial familiar
Medicina molecular
Sequenciamento de nucleotídeo em larga escala
Abstract in Portuguese
O diabete mellitus (DM) corresponde a um grupo de doenças metabólicas caracterizadas por hiperglicemia, resultante de defeitos na secreção e/ou ação da insulina. O DM monogênico compreende um grupo heterogêneo de fenótipos caracterizados, em última análise, por hiperglicemia, causada por uma única alteração genética patogência. Dependendo do tipo de defeito molecular, o DM nesses indivíduos pode ocorrer devido à produção prejudicada de insulina, dificuldade na sinalização da insulina e/ou adiposopatia. O espectro fenotípico varia desde fenótipos não sindrômicos com insulinopenia ao nascimento (DM neonatal) ou na primeira infância/idade adulta (maturity-onset diabetes of the young MODY), passando por indivíduos com extrema resistência insulínica por doença do tecido adiposo (lipodistrofia parcial familiar), até indivíduos com fenótipos sindrômicos, como síndrome de Wolfram (WS) e DM mitocondrial. Juntos representam cerca de 1 a 2% de todos os casos de DM. Apesar de o diagnóstico molecular apropriado ser fundamental para adequado manejo clínico, aconselhamento genético e diagnóstico precoce do probando e dos familiares sob risco, um alto percentual de indivíduos suspeitos clinicamente ainda não possui etiologia molecular estabelecida. Os dados da literatura relativos ao percentual de casos não resolvidos são mais robustos no MODY e no DM neonatal, variando em torno de 50-80% e 30-37%, respectivamente. Esses valores são semelhantes em nossa coorte brasileira de DM monogênico. Desde 2019, o Colégio Americano de Genética Médica e Genômica (ACMG) recomenda a reanálise periódica de dados genômicos como uma ferramenta eficaz para aumentar a capacidade diagnóstica de indivíduos com suspeita de doença genética. De acordo com isso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo aumentar a capacidade de diagnóstico molecular, executando uma reanálise fenotípica e genotípica combinada e bidirecional de uma coorte de 128 indivíduos com suspeita de DM monogênico (25 para MODY-GCK, 67 para MODY- não GCK, 12 para DM neonatal, 16 para lipodistrofia parcial familiar, 1 para WS e 7 para DM mitocondrial) sem diagnósticos moleculares estabelecidos após estudo molecular por sequenciamento paralelo de larga escala em um painel composto por 51 genes nucleares relacionados a DM monogênico mais o genoma mitocondrial completo. O amplo processo de reanálise aumentou o diagnóstico molecular de 9 a 26%. As reanálises fenotípicas, e portanto, a fenotipagem profunda, contribuíram pela exclusão de 62 (48,4%) casos atípicos. A reanálise genética contribuiu, adicionando 5 novos defeitos moleculares: duas mutações em regiões regulatórias (uma mutação de ponto em heterozigose no promotor do HNF1A e outra em homozigose em região enhancer do PTF1A); uma mutação de ponto em heteroplasmia no gene mitocondrial MTTK; uma missense em homozigose no MFN2 e uma missense em heterozigose no GCK. Nossos achados sugerem que a reanálise genotípica e fenotípica combinada é uma estratégia eficaz, capaz de aumentar a acurácia diagnóstica molecular de indivíduos com suspeita de diabetes monogênico
Title in English
Phenotypic and genotypic reanalysis of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of monogenic diabetes without established molecular etiology
Keywords in English
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Familial partial lipodystrophy
High-throughput nucleotide sequencing
Medical genetics
Molecular medicine
Abstract in English
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action. Monogenic DM comprises a heterogeneous group of phenotypes characterized, ultimately, by hyperglycemia, caused by a single, pathogenic, genetic alteration. Depending on the type of molecular defect, DM in these individuals may occur because of impaired insulin production, difficulty in insulin signaling and/or adiposopathy. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from non-syndromic phenotypes with insulinopenia at birth (neonatal DM) or in early infancy/adulthood (maturity-onset diabetes of the young MODY), going through individuals with extreme insulin resistance due to adipose tissue disease (familial partial lipodystrophy FPLD), to individuals with syndromic phenotypes, such as Wolfram syndrome (WS) and mitochondrial DM. All together they represent around 1 to 2% of all cases of DM. Despite proper molecular diagnostic be essential for adequate clinical management, genetic counseling and early diagnosis of the proband and their family members at risk, a high percentage of clinically suspected individuals still do not have an established molecular etiology. Data in the literature regarding the percentage of unresolved cases are more robust in MODY and neonatal DM, varying around 50-80% and 20-37%, respectively. These figures are similar in our Brazilian monogenic DM cohort. Since 2019, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) has recommended periodic genomic data reanalysis as an effective tool to increase the diagnostic capacity of individuals with suspected genetic disease. In line with that, the present study aimed to enhance the molecular diagnostic capacity by performing a combined and bidirectional phenotypic and genotypic reanalysis of a cohort of 128 individuals suspected of monogenic DM (25 for GCK-MODY, 67 for non GCK-MODY, 12 for neonatal DM, 16 for FPLD, 1 for WS and 7 for mitochondrial DM) without established molecular diagnoses after molecular study by target next generation sequence panel (tNGS) containing 51 nuclear genes related to monogenic DM and the whole mitochondrial genome. The broad reanalysis process increased molecular diagnostics from 9 to 26%. Phenotypical reanalysis, and therefore, deep phenotyping, contributed by excluding 62 (48.4%) of atypical cases. Genetic reanalysis contributed by adding 5 new overlooked molecular defects: two mutations in regulatory regions (one heterozygous point mutation in the HNF1A promoter and other homozygous in PTF1A enhancer); one point mutation in heteroplasmy in MTTK mitochondrial gene; one homozygous missense in MFN2 and one heterozygous missense in GCK. Our findings suggest that the combined genotypic and phenotypic reanalysis is an effective strategy capable of increasing the molecular diagnostic accuracy of individuals with suspected monogenic diabetes
 
WARNING - Viewing this document is conditioned on your acceptance of the following terms of use:
This document is only for private use for research and teaching activities. Reproduction for commercial use is forbidden. This rights cover the whole data about this document as well as its contents. Any uses or copies of this document in whole or in part must include the author's name.
Publishing Date
2024-05-03
 
WARNING: Learn what derived works are clicking here.
All rights of the thesis/dissertation are from the authors
CeTI-SC/STI
Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations of USP. Copyright © 2001-2024. All rights reserved.