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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2024.tde-25042024-153831
Document
Author
Full name
Mariana Rechia Bitencourt
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Carvalho, Luciani Renata Silveira de (President)
Abucham Filho, Júlio Zaki
Fragoso, Maria Candida Barisson Villares
Antonini, Sonir Roberto Rauber
Title in Portuguese
Investigação de potenciais biomarcadores no diagnóstico da insuficiência adrenal central
Keywords in Portuguese
Biomarcadores
Deficiência de ACTH
Hipopituitarismo
Insuficiência adrenal
Metabolômica
Sulfato de DHEA
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Apesar da descoberta da sintetização dos glicocorticoides terem revolucionado a medicina na década de 50, pouco se avançou no reconhecimento e no manejo da insuficiência adrenal central (IAC) desde então. Os métodos diagnósticos na IAC são limitados, dependentes de testes de estímulo trabalhosos, onerosos e muitas vezes passíveis de efeitos colaterais graves. Frente aos atuais desafios na determinação da IAC, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o desempenho de possíveis biomarcadores a serem utilizados no diagnóstico da IAC. METODOLOGIA: Foram realizadas duas abordagens metodológicas: 1- Análise retrospectiva de dados de prontuário de pacientes institucionais com suspeita de IAC e comparação dos níveis de sulfato de dehidroepiandrosterona (SDHEA) através da Razão de SDHEA (valor hormonal mensurado/limite inferior da referência para sexo e idade). 2- Estudo transversal com metabolômica exploratória por infusão direta (DIMS) de pacientes com hipopituitarismo congênito e IAC. RESULTADOS: A razão de SDHEA 0,79 apresentou 94,7% de especificidade e 83,3% de sensibilidade em predizer IAC dentre pacientes com IAC e hipopituitarismo congênito (AUC:0,936). Quando analisado cenário com diversas etiologias de IAC em hospital terciário a razão de SDHEA 0,85 apresentou especificidade de 76,4% e sensibilidade de 65,8% na predição de IAC (AUC 0,752). Análises de metabolômica exploratória apontou 6 possíveis biomarcadores da deficiência de ACTH (N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine, Histidinol-phosphate, Oxoadipic acid, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Farnesyl pyrophosphate, Galactitol) que demostraram, associados, curva ROC com AUC de 0,97 na diferenciação de pacientes deficientes de ACTH comparados a controles portadores de Hipopituitarismo e AUC de 0,851 na distinção entre controles saudáveis. CONCLUSÃO: Este trabalho pôde demostrar que o uso da razão de SDHEA é uma ferramenta útil para diagnóstico de IAC em população adulta. Também a investigação com metabolômica exploratória apontou potenciais candidatos a biomarcadores de IAC. Trabalhos com metabolômica direcionada e quantitativa (targeted) ainda são necessários para corroborar esses achados
Title in English
Investigation of potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of central adrenal insufficiency
Keywords in English
ACTH deficiency
Adrenal Insufficiency
Biomarkers
DHEA Sulfate
Hypopituitarism
Metabolomics
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Although the discovery of the synthesis of glucocorticoids revolutionized medicine in the 1950s, little progress has been made in the recognition and management of central adrenal insufficiency (CAI). Its treatment is still challenging in clinical practice. Diagnostic methods in CAI are limited, dependent on laborious, costly stimulus tests which are often subject to serious side effects. Faced with the current challenges in determining CAI, the present study aimed to investigate the performance of possible biomarkers to be used in the diagnosis of CAI. METHODOLOGY: Two methodological approaches were carried out: 1- retrospective analysis of medical records of institutional patients with suspected CAI and comparison of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels using the DHEAS Ratio (measured hormonal value/lower reference limit for sex and age). 2- Cross-sectional study with exploratory direct infusion (DIMS) of patients with congenital hypopituitarism and CAI. RESULTS: The DHEAS ratio0.79 presented 94.7% specificity and 83.3% sensitivity in predicting CAI among patients with CAI and congenital hypopituitarism (AUC:0.936). When analyzing a scenario with different etiologies of CAI in a tertiary hospital, the DHEAS ratio 0.85 showed a specificity of 76.4% and sensitivity of 65.8% in predicting CAI (AUC 0.752). Exploratory metabolomics analyzes identified 6 possible biomarkers of ACTH deficiency (N-Acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)cysteine, Histidinol-phosphate, Oxoadipic acid, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Farnesyl pyrophosphate, Galactitol). That demonstrated an associated ROC curve with AUC of 0.97 in differentiating ACTH-deficient patients compared to controls with Hypopituitarism and AUC of 0.851 in distinguishing between healthy controls. CONCLUSION: This work was able to demonstrate that the use of the DHEAS ratio is a useful tool for diagnosing CAI in the adult population. Exploratory metabolomics research also identified potential candidates for CAI biomarkers. Work with targeted and quantitative metabolomics is necessary to corroborate these findings
 
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Publishing Date
2024-05-03
 
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