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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-20122022-122738
Document
Author
Full name
Clarissa Grobério Borba Herkenhoff
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Jallad, Raquel Soares (President)
Abucham Filho, Júlio Zaki
Gadelha, Mônica Roberto
Oliveira, Miriam da Costa
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação dos marcadores das vias de apoptose e proliferação celular em somatotropinomas invasivos e/ou resistentes ao tratamento com ligantes do receptor de somatostatina
Keywords in Portuguese
Acromegalia
Apoptose
Neoplasias hipofisárias
Proliferação de células
Somatostatina
Survivina
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A acromegalia é uma doença rara, causada na maioria dos casos por um adenoma hipofisário secretor de hormônio do crescimento (GH) e consequente elevação sérica do fator de crescimento similar à insulina 1 (IGF-1). O tratamento de escolha é cirúrgico. A taxa de cura cirúrgica é de aproximadamente 40-70% e assim um grande contingente de pacientes necessita de tratamento medicamentoso adjuvante com Ligantes do Receptor de Somatostatina (LRS). Entretanto, a resposta a estas drogas varia de 30-50%. Fatores prognóstico de resposta aos LRS já foram descritos, todavia não explicam a totalidade dos casos. Objetivos: Avaliar as vias de apoptose e proliferação celular em somatotropinomas invasivos e/ou resistentes ao tratamento com os LRS. Métodos: Em uma coorte de 52 pacientes tratados primariamente com cirurgia foram avaliados por imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) os seguintes marcadores: receptores de somatostatina subtipos 2 e 5 (SSTR2 e SSTR5); marcadores das vias de apoptose e proliferação celular (survivina e 4EBP-1, respectivamente); proteínas do citoesqueleto (filamina e E-caderina); Ki-67; e citoqueratina 18 (CK18) para análise da granulação tumoral. Os achados foram correlacionados com os dados clínicos, laboratoriais e de imagem. Resultados: Baixa expressão de survivina (P=0,04), idade mais jovem (P=0,01), tumores ao diagnóstico com hiperssinal em imagem de ressonância magnética ponderada em T2 (P=0,01), granulação esparsa (P=0,04), GH e IGF-1 pós-operatórios elevados (P=0,04 e P<0,01, respectivamente) e maior resto tumoral (P=0,02) foram associados aos LRS resistentes. Pacientes mais jovens, níveis basais de GH e IGF-1 mais elevados e maior diâmetro tumoral basal foram fatores associados a invasão tumoral (P=0,03; P=0,01; P=0,02 e P=0,04, respectivamente). Menor remissão cirúrgica e baixa expressão de SSTR2 e de E-caderina também se associaram a tumores invasivos (P<0,001; P= 0,03 e P=0,04). A menor expressão de survivina e de E-caderina associaram-se a tumores esparsamente granulados (P=0,03; P=0,03, respectivamente), enquanto a elevada expressão de 4EBP-1 também foi associada a este padrão de granulação (P<0,01). Conclusão: A baixa expressão de survivina surge como um novo marcador de resistência aos LRS e abre uma nova visão para pesquisas relacionadas ao desenvolvimento de novas opções de tratamento
Title in English
Evaluation of markers of apoptosis and cell proliferation pathways in invasive somatotropinomas and/or resistant to treatment with somatostatin receptor ligands
Keywords in English
Acromegaly
Apoptosis
Cell proliferation
Pituitary neoplasms
Somatostatin
Survivin
Abstract in English
Introduction: Acromegaly is a disease caused in most cases by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma and consequent elevation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in serum. The treatment of choice is surgical. The surgical cure rate is approximately 40-70% and thus a large contingent of patients require adjuvant drug treatment with Somatostatin Receptor Ligands (SRLs). However, the response to these drugs varies from 30-50%. Prognostic factors of response to LRS have already been described, however, they do not explain all cases. Objectives: To evaluate the pathways of apoptosis and cell proliferation in invasive somatotropinomas and/or resistance to treatment with LRS. Methods: A cohort of 52 patients treated primarily with surgery was evaluated clinically, through laboratory and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging-MRI). Subsequently, immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of the following markers was performed: somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 (SSTR2 and SSTR5); markers of apoptosis and cell proliferation pathways (survivin and 4EBP-1, respectively); cytoskeletal proteins (filamin and E-cadherin); KI-67; and CK18 for analysis of tumor granulation. Results: Low expression of survivin (P=0.04), younger age (P=0.01), tumors with hypersignal on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (P=0.01), sparse granulation (P=0) .04), elevated postoperative GH and IGF-1 levels (P=0.04 and P<0.01, respectively) and greater tumor remnants (P=0.02) were associated with LRS resistance. Lower expression of survivin and e-cadherin were associated with sparsely granulated tumors (P=0.03; P=0.03, respectively), while high expression of 4EBP-1 was associated with this granulation pattern (P< 0.01). Younger patients, with high baseline levels of GH and IGF-1 and greater baseline tumor diameter were factors associated with tumor invasion (P=0.03; P=0.01; P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively). Lower surgical remission and low expression of SSTR2 and Ecadherin were also associated with invasive tumors (P<0.001; P=0.03 and P=0.04). Conclusion: The low expression of survivin appears as a new marker of resistance to LRS. The description and correlation of intracellular pathways with resistance to the main drugs for the treatment of acromegaly open a new vision for future research lines
 
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Publishing Date
2023-01-18
 
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