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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-19072022-165044
Document
Author
Full name
Ariana Ester Fernandes
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Mancini, Márcio Corrêa (President)
Cintra, Dennys Esper Corrêa
Lottenberg, Ana Maria Pita
Vivolo, Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Influência do consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados no perfil metabólico e na microbiota intestinal em mulheres com diferentes graus de adiposidade
Keywords in Portuguese
Alimentos ultraprocessados
Butiratos
Dieta
Microbioma gastrointestinal
Microbiota
Nova classificação
Obesidade
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento da prevalência de obesidade nos últimos 50 anos coincidiu com o avanço na tecnologia de processamento de alimentos e aumento de venda e consumo de ultraprocessados. Estes alimentos geralmente são densos energeticamente, contêm grande quantidade de açúcar de adição, gordura saturada e sal, além de baixo teor de fibra, proteína, vitaminas e minerais, o que fomentou o desenvolvimento da classificação NOVA, que divide os alimentos de acordo com o grau de processamento em quatro grupos: in natura ou minimamente processado (G1), ingredientes culinários (G2), processados (G3) e ultraprocessados (UP). Diversos estudos populacionais sugerem uma forte associação entre consumo de UP e doenças metabólicas como obesidade e diabetes melitos tipo 2. Estudos recentes indicam que alimentos UP modificam a composição e o metabolismo da microbiota intestinal (MI), que participa ativamente da homeostase energética e da adiposidade do hospedeiro. Entretanto, ainda são escassos os estudos em humanos, e, até o momento, nenhum avaliou as espécies das bactérias intestinais, de acordo com a NOVA. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação do consumo alimentar com o perfil metabólico e a MI de mulheres com obesidade, eutrofia e magreza constitucional. MÉTODOS: Essa tese foi composta pela compilação de dois artigos. O primeiro avaliou a associação de espécies da MI produtoras de butirato com parâmetros antropométricos, metabólicos e consumo alimentar. O segundo analisou a MI de acordo com o consumo de UP. A casuística consistiu em 59 mulheres de 18 a 40 anos (20 com obesidade, 20 com eutrofia e 19 com magreza constitucional). Foram avaliados o consumo alimentar (utilizando a classificação NOVA), os parâmetros antropométricos, clínicos e metabólicos e a MI (a partir do DNA bacteriano coletado de amostras fecais). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença no consumo alimentar entre as mulheres com obesidade, eutrofia e magreza constitucional. A leptina ajustada para massa gorda associou-se positivamente com UP (p=0,049) e negativamente com alimentos in natura e minimamente processados (p=0,037). O consumo de UP e alimentos do G1 foi correlacionado a diferenças na abundância de 9 e 15 espécies, respectivamente. Ao analisar as espécies produtoras de butirato individualmente, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium sp. e Anaerostipes sp. correlacionaram-se a um melhor perfil metabólico, sendo que esta última se correlacionou diretamente com o consumo de alimentos in natura e minimamente processados. Por outro lado, as espécies Coprococcus catus e Coprococcus comes associaram-se a um pior perfil metabólico. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de alimentos UP foi diretamente associado a resistência à leptina, ao passo que a maior abundância de Anaerostipes sp. se correlacionou com melhor perfil metabólico e maior consumo de alimentos in natura e minimamente processado, sugerindo um efeito protetor relacionado ao consumo de alimentos do G1 em detrimento dos UP
Title in English
Influence of consumption of ultra-processed foods on the metabolic profile and intestinal microbiota in women with different degrees of adiposity
Keywords in English
Butyrates
Diet
Gastrointestinal microbiome
Microbiota
Nova classification
Obesity
Ultra-processed food
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: The increase in the prevalence of obesity in the last 50 years has overlapped with advances in food processing technology and an increase in sale and consumption of ultra-processed (UP) foods. These foods are generally energy-dense, contain large amounts of sugar, saturated fat and salt, in addition are low in fiber, protein, vitamins and minerals, which led to the development of the NOVA classification, dividing foods according to degree of processing into four groups: in natura or minimally processed (G1), culinary ingredients (G2), processed (G3), and UP. Several population studies suggest a strong association between UP consumption and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies indicate that UP foods modify the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota (GM), which actively participates in energy homeostasis and host adiposity. Studies in humans are still scarce, and, to date, none have evaluated the species of gut bacteria, according to NOVA. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between food consumption and metabolic profile and GM of women with obesity, normal weight and constitutional thinness. METHODS: This thesis was composed by the compilation of two articles. The first evaluated the association of butyrate- producing GM species with anthropometric and metabolic parameters, and food consumption. The second analyzed the GM according to UP consumption. The sample consisted of 59 women aged 18 to 40 years (20 with obesity, 20 with normal weight and 19 with constitutional thinness). Food consumption (using the NOVA classification), anthropometric, clinical and metabolic parameters, and GM (from bacterial DNA collected from fecal samples) were evaluated. RESULTS: There was no difference in food consumption between women with obesity, normal weight and constitutional thinness. Leptin adjusted to fat mass was positively associated with UP consumption (p=0.049) and negatively associated with in natura and minimally processed foods (p=0.037). The consumption of UP and G1 food was correlated with differences in the abundance of 9 and 15 species, respectively. When analyzing the butyrate- producing species individually, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Clostridium sp and Anaerostipes sp correlated with a better metabolic profile, the latter being directly correlated with the consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods. On the other hand, the species Coprococcus catus and Coprococcus comes were associated with a worse metabolic profile. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of UP foods was directly associated with leptin resistance, whereas the greater abundance of Anaerostipes sp. correlated with better metabolic profile and higher consumption of in natura and minimally processed foods, suggesting a protective effect related to the consumption of G1 foods to the detriment of UP foods
 
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Publishing Date
2022-07-20
 
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