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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2020.tde-11062021-125050
Document
Author
Full name
Diana Bento da Silva Soares
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Sousa, Maysa Vieira de (President)
Campbell, Carmen Silvia Grubert
Simões, Herbert Gustavo
Vivolo, Sandra Roberta Gouvea Ferreira
Title in Portuguese
Efeitos da restrição calórica e dos treinamentos de futebol e corrida na expressão de genes do músculo esquelético em portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2: estudo clínico randomizado
Keywords in Portuguese
Corrida
Diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Dieta
Exercício físico
Expressão gênica
Futebol
Interleucina-15
Proteínas musculares
Sistema musculoesquelético
Ubiquitina-proteína ligases
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: Indivíduos portadores de diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) apresentam maior risco de desenvolver doença cardiovascular, fragilidade muscular e sarcopenia. A resistência à insulina aumenta a expressão dos genes atrogina-1 e MuRF-1 inibindo a via de sinalização do crescimento, favorecendo a atrofia muscular. O exercício físico e uma dieta balanceada aumentam a capacidade funcional do músculo esquelético, ativando miocinas como a IL-15, que atua na via de sinalização envolvida na sua remodelação. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto de um programa de intervenção nutricional e de exercícios recreativos de 12 semanas na expressão gênica da IL-15, atrogina-1 e MuRF-1 no músculo esquelético de pacientes com DM2. METODOLOGIA: Os participantes (n = 39, M / F = 19/20, 60 ± 6,0 anos, IMC 32,9 ± 0,6 kg / m²) foram aleatoriamente alocados em grupos: Dieta (D), Dieta + Futebol (DF) ou Dieta + Corrida (DC). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) e coleta sanguínea foram analisadas antes e após 12 semanas de intervenção. As amostras do músculo vasto lateral foram obtidas por meio de biópsia para análise da expressão gênica por qRT-PCR. RESULTADOS: O peso total reduziu em ~4kg nos grupos D e DF, enquanto no DC ~5kg, representando a massa de gordura corporal, a circunferência da cintura diminuiu em ~5cm nos grupos D e DF, e 7,5cm no DC após as 12 semanas de intervenção (P <0,05). Os valores de triglicerídeos, colesterol total e VLDL-C diminuíram nos grupos submetidos ao treinamento físico (p < 0,05), enquanto a fração LDL-C esteve inversamente associada à IL-15 no grupo DC (r= -0,60, p < 0,05). A expressão no DF dos genes MuRF-1 e atrogin-1 diminuiu em ~40% e 30%, respectivamente, enquanto a expressão do gene IL-15 aumentou em ~ 24% no DC (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento recreativo em conjunto com uma dieta moderada em calorias teve efeitos positivos na redução da expressão de miocinas associadas à atrofia e no aumento do gene anabólico e antiinflamatório IL-15. Essas modulações gênicas e as melhorias na composição corporal, nos marcadores de resistência à insulina e no perfil lipídico podem reduzir os riscos de doenças cardiovasculares nos portadores de DM2 após intervenções de treinamentos físicos
Title in English
Effects of calorie restriction and recreational soccer and running training on the expression of skeletal muscle genes in type 2 diabetes: a randomised clinical trial
Keywords in English
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diet
Exercises
Gene expression
Interleukin-15
Muscle proteins
Musculoskeletal system
Soccer, Running
Ubiquitin-protein ligases
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, muscle frailty and sarcopenia. Insulin resistance increases the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 genes, and impairs the growth signalling pathway, giving rise to muscle atrophy. Physical exercise and a balanced diet increase the functional capacity of skeletal muscle, in part through myokines such as IL-15, which acts in the signalling pathway involved in the remodelling of muscle. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a 12-week nutritional intervention programme and recreational exercise training on the gene expression of IL-15, atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 in skeletal muscle from T2D patients. METHODOLOGY: The participants (n=39, M/F=19/20, 60±6.0 years, BMI 32.9±0.6 kg/m²) were randomly allocated to Diet+Soccer (DS), Diet+Running (DR) or Diet alone (D). Dual-energy X-ray and fasting blood testing measurements were performed before and after 12 weeks. Biopsy specimens of vastus lateralis muscle were obtained for analysis of gene expression by qRT-PCR. RESULTS: Total body weight was reduced by ~4 kg in groups D and DS, while in DR ~ 5kg, representing body fat mass, waist circumference decreased by ~ 5cm in groups D and DS, and 7.5cm in DR after 12 weeks of intervention (P < 0.05), . Triglycerides, total cholesterol and VLDL-c levels decreased in the groups subjected to physical training (p < 0.05), while the LDL-C fraction was inversely associated with IL-15 in the DC group (r = -0.60, p < 0.05). The DS expression of the MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 genes decreased by ~ 40% and 30%, respectively, whereas IL-15 gene expression was increased by ~24% in DR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Recreational training in conjunction with a moderate calorierestricted diet downregulates the expression of atrophy-associated myokines and increases the expression of the anabolic and anti-inflammatory gene IL-15. These gene modulations and improvements in body composition, insulin resistance markers and lipid profile can contribute to reduce the risks of cardiovascular diseases in patients with T2D after a physical training interventions
 
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Publishing Date
2021-06-11
 
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