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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2021.tde-23082021-112603
Document
Author
Full name
Phelipe Gomes de Barros
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
França, Francisco Oscar de Siqueira (President)
Hino, Paula
Lopes, Marta Heloisa
Nichiata, Lucia Yasuko Izumi
Title in Portuguese
Itinerário terapêutico de pacientes internados por tuberculose em Recife, Pernambuco
Keywords in Portuguese
Acesso
Comportamento de procura de cuidados de saúde
Itinerário terapêutico
Serviços de saúde.
Tuberculose
Vulnerabilidade em saúde
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A tuberculose é considerada uma das principais doenças infecciosas o que pode ser comprovado através dos indicadores de incidência, morbidade e letalidade e é reconhecidamente associada às inequidades e ás condições sociais. O itinerário terapêutico dos pacientes com tuberculose é mediado por elementos de vulnerabilidade e é um importante instrumento no campo da saúde coletiva para a identificação de pontos críticos no acesso dos pacientes ao diagnóstico e tratamento adequados. Objetivo: Analisar o Itinerário Terapêutico de pacientes com diagnóstico de tuberculose, internados no Hospital Otávio de Freitas, Recife-PE. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, em que foram realizadas entrevistas com pacientes internados, no período de maio de 2018 a junho de 2020, As entrevistas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo e à luz do conceito de vulnerabilidade, em suas dimensões: individual, programática e social. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 25 pacientes. A maioria pertencia ao sexo masculino (17: 68,0%), apresentava baixa escolaridade (9: 36,0%), eram pardos (13: 52,0%), com baixa renda familiar (13: 52%), recorrendo, após o início da sintomatologia, às Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (17: 68,0%). A grande maioria dos pacientes apresentava comprometimento pulmonar (23: 72,0%) e teve como principal causa de internação, a presença de hemoptise (21: 84,0%). Das entrevistas emergiram duas categorias analíticas: Processo Saúde-Doença e Itinerário Terapêutico. Foram encontrados, nos itinerários dos pacientes, elementos de vulnerabilidade relacionados às iniquidades que evidenciam a a determinação social da tuberculose. Acerca da vulnerabilidade individual verificou-se que as condições de vida retardaram a procura de serviços de saúde, e dificuldade de acesso foram alguns dos elementos predominantes; na dimensão social, constatou-se o limitado apoio familiar para alguns pacientes, além da a busca por cuidados não profissionais de saúde e uso de drogas; e, na dimensão programática verificou-se o erro diagnóstico, demora para o diagnóstico definitivo e para o início do tratamento, assim como despreparo profissional no manejo da tuberculose. Conclusões: O acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento da tuberculose por parte dos entrevistados foi prejudicado por elementos de vulnerabilidade. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário o fortalecimento do Sistema Único de Saúde de modo a garantir a integralidade, a equidade e a universalidade minimizando, desta forma, iniquidades provenientes de uma sociedade desigual e marcada por sérios problemas políticos, de organização social e econômica
Title in English
Therapeutic itinerary of tuberculosis patients hospitalized in Recife, Pernambuco
Keywords in English
Access
Health care search behavior
Health service
Therapeutic itinerary
Tuberculosis
Vulnerability in health
Abstract in English
Introduction: Tuberculosis is considered one of the main infectious diseases, which can be proven through the indicators of incidence, morbidity and lethality and is recognized as associated with inequities and social conditions. The therapeutic itinerary of tuberculosis patients is mediated by elements of vulnerability and is an important instrument in the field of collective health for the identification of critical points in patients' access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Objective: To analyze the Therapeutic Itinerary of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis, hospitalized at the Hospital Otávio de Freitas, Recife-PE. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitativequalitative approach, in which interviews were conducted with hospitalized patients, from May 2018 to June 2020, The interviews were submitted to content analysis and in the light of the concept of vulnerability, in its dimensions: individual, programmatic and social. Results: Twenty-five patients were interviewed. The majority were male (17: 68.0%), had low schooling (9: 36.0%), were brown (13: 52.0%), with low family income (13: 52%), using, after the onset of symptomatology, the Emergency Care Units (17: 68.0%). The vast majority of patients had pulmonary involvement (23: 72.0%) and had the main cause of hospitalization, the presence of hemoptysis (21: 84.0%). Two analytical categories emerged from the interviews: Health-Disease Process and Therapeutic Itinerary. Vulnerability elements related to inequities that evidence the social determination of tuberculosis were found in the patients' itineraries. Regarding individual vulnerability, it was found that living conditions slowed the demand for health services, and difficulty in accessing were some of the predominant elements; in the social dimension, there was limited family support for some patients, in addition to the search for non-professional health care and drug use; and, in the programmatic dimension, the diagnostic error was verified, delay for the definitive diagnosis and for the beginning of treatment, as well as professional unpreparedness in the management of tuberculosis. Conclusions: The access to the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis by the interviewees was impaired by elements of vulnerability. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the Unified Health System in order to guarantee integrality, equity and universality, thus minimizing inequities from an unequal society and marked by serious political problems, social and economic organization.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-08-23
 
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