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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2022.tde-12042023-161625
Document
Author
Full name
João Paulo Marochi Telles
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Bermúdez, José Ernesto Vidal (President)
Gryschek, Ronaldo Cesar Borges
Gomes, Hélio Rodrigues
Oliveira, Augusto César Penalva de
Title in Portuguese
Complicações neurológicas em pacientes vivendo com HIV/AIDS: coorte observacional prospectiva no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas
Keywords in Portuguese
Diagnóstico
Encefalite
Meningite
Mortalidade
Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida
Unidade de terapia intensiva
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a frequência, espectro, taxa de mortalidade hospitalar e fatores associados ao óbito em pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS (PVHA) admitidas por doenças neurológicas, bem como estimar sua taxa de mortalidade global após um ano. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte observacional prospectivo foi realizado em um centro de saúde terciário brasileiro entre janeiro e julho de 2017. Foram incluídos, consecutivamente, pacientes infectados pelo HIV maiores de 18 anos internados por queixas neurológicas. Um exame neurológico padronizado e anamnese com pacientes foram realizados semanalmente até a alta ou óbito do paciente. O manejo diagnóstico e terapêutico dos casos incluídos seguiu rotinas institucionais. Resultados: Foram incluídos 105 (13,2%) pacientes entre as 791 PVHA hospitalizadas. A idade mediana foi de 42,8 [34-51] anos, e 61% eram homens. A contagem mediana de linfócitos CD4+ foi de 70 (27-160) células/mm3, e 90% dos pacientes já tinha utilizado terapia antirretroviral combinada. As principais doenças foram toxoplasmose cerebral (36%), meningite criptocócica (14%) e meningite tuberculosa (8%). O citomegalovírus, etiologia de encefalite, polirradiculopatia e/ou retinite foi o terceiro patógeno mais frequente (12%). Além disso, infecções neurológicas concomitantes ocorreram em 14% dos pacientes. Doenças relacionadas à síndrome inflamatória de reconstituição imune ocorreram em 6% deles. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 12%, e a análise multivariada mostrou que alteração do nível de consciência (P = 0,04; OR: 22,7, IC 95%: 2,6-195,1) e admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) (P = 0,014; OR: 6,2, IC 95%: 1,4-26,7) foram associados ao óbito. A taxa de mortalidade global em um ano foi de 31%. Conclusão: Neste estudo predominaram as doenças neurológicas oportunistas. O citomegalovírus foi um agente etiológico frequente, sendo comuns as infecções neurológicas concomitantes. A admissão na UTI e os níveis alterados de consciência foram associados ao óbito. Embora a mortalidade hospitalar tenha sido relativamente baixa, a taxa de mortalidade global em um ano foi elevada
Title in English
Neurological manifestations in people living with HIV/AIDS in the late cART era: a prospective observational study at a tertiary healthcare center in São Paulo, Brazil
Keywords in English
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Diagnosis
Encephalitis
Intensive care units
Meningitis
Mortality
Abstract in English
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency, spectrum, in-hospital mortality rate, and factors associated with death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) presenting with neurological diseases from a middle-income country, as well as estimate its one-year global death rate. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at a Brazilian tertiary health center between January and July 2017. HIV-infected patients above 18years of age who were admitted due to neurological complaints were consecutively included. A standardized neurological examination and patient and/or medical assistant interviews were performed weekly until the patients discharge or death. The diag- nostic and therapeutic management of the included cases followed institutional routines. Results: A total of 105 (13.2%) patients were included among the 791 hospitalized PLWHA. The median age was 42.8 [34-51] years, and 61% were men. The median CD4 lymphocyte cell count was 70 (27-160) cells/mm3, and 90% of patients were experienced in combined antiretroviral therapy. The most frequent diseases were cerebral toxoplasmosis (36%), cryptococcal meningitis (14%), and tuberculous meningitis (8%). Cytomegalovirus causing encephalitis, polyradiculopathy, and/or retinitis was the third most frequent pathogen (12%). Moreover, concomitant neurological infections occurred in 14% of the patients, and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-related diseases occurred in 6% of them. In-hospital mortality rate was 12%, and multivariate analysis showed that altered level of consciousness (P = 0.04; OR: 22.7, CI 95%: 2.6- 195.1) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (P = 0.014; OR: 6.2, CI 95%: 1.4-26.7) were associated with death. The one-year global mortality rate was 31%. Conclusion: In this study, opportunistic neurological diseases were predominant. Cytomegalovirus was a frequent etiological agent, and neurological concomitant diseases were common. ICU admission and altered levels of consciousness were associated with death. Although in-hospital mortality was relatively low, the one-year global death rate was higher
 
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Publishing Date
2023-04-17
 
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