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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.5.2021.tde-29102021-115622
Document
Author
Full name
Monisa Martins Nóbrega
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Lins, Jade Cury Martins Asfora (President)
Maruta, Celina Wakisaka
Enokihara, Mauro Yoshiaki
Valente, Neusa Yuriko Sakai
Title in Portuguese
Comparação do imiquimode a outros tratamentos ativos no carcinoma basocelular superficial: revisão sistemática
Keywords in Portuguese
Câncer de pele
Câncer de pele não melanoma
Carcinoma basocelular
Carcinoma basocelular superficial
Imiquimode
Revisão sistemática
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular (CBC) é o tipo de câncer de pele mais comum e sua incidência está aumentando em todo o mundo. Um dos subtipos histológicos é o carcinoma basocelular superficial (sCBC). Uma variedade de tratamentos cirúrgicos e não cirúrgicos estão disponíveis, incluindo o creme de imiquimod a 5%. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do imiquimode 5% tópico no tratamento do sCBC comparado a outras modalidades terapêuticas. Metodos: Revisao sistematica realizada segundo a metodologia do Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Foi realizada busca eletronica nas seguintes bases de dados: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE e LILACS. Incluiram-se ensaios clinicos randomizados de participantes com sCBC que usaram como tratamento imiquimode creme em qualquer dose, duracao e tempo de seguimento comparado a outros tratamentos ativos. Desfechos primarios incluiram avaliacao da eficácia do tratamento, levando em consideração o tempo livre de tumor. Desfecho secundario foi a avaliacao de eventos adversos. Resultados: Foram identificados 277 registros. 259 registros foram excluidos apos a leitura dos titulos e resumos. Os 14 registros restantes foram obtidos e lidos na integra. No final, 9 artigos foram excluidos e 5 artigos, reportando os resultados de 2 estudos, preencheram os criterios e foram incluidos nesta revisao, avaliando um total de 820 participantes. Todos os estudos incluidos foram randomizados, comparativos e de grupos paralelos. Um dos estudos comparou imiquimode 5% creme com cirurgia, onde foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa favorecendo o grupo da cirurgia em todos os períodos estudados: No primeiro ano , diferença de 9.9%, 98%IC: 2.9-17.0; No quinto ano, diferença de 13.0%, 98%IC: 3.9-22.2. No outro estudo onde se comparou imiquimode creme com terapia fotodinâmica e com 5-fluorouracil creme, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa favorecendo o grupo do imiquimode comparado a terapia fotodinâmica: Com 12 meses, a diferença na proporção de pacientes livres de tumor foi de 10,6% (IC95%: 1,5 a 19,5. P=0,021); Com 3 anos, Hazard Ratio para falha de tratamento foi de 0,50 (IC95%: 0,33 a 0,76. P=0,001). Porém não houve diferença estatística na comparação do imiquimode com o 5-FU no estudo de seguimento de 12 meses e de 3 anos. Em 5 anos, o imiquimode foi superior ao PDT e 5-fluorouracil (HR para falha do tratamento de 0,48, IC95%: 0,32-0,71; P < 0,001 e HR 0,65, IC95%: 0,43-0,98; P < 0,04, respectivamente). Conclusões: Não foi possível a elaboração da metanálise dos estudos em virtude das comparações terapêuticas serem distintas. Levando em consideração que os diferentes subtipos de carcinoma basocelular apresentam comportamentos e evoluções bem distintos, conclui-se que se faz necessários estudos individuais em relação ao melhor tratamento para cada subtipo
Title in English
Comparison of imiquimod to other active treatments in superficial basocellular carcinoma: a systematic review
Keywords in English
Basal cell carcinoma
Imiquimod
Non-melanoma skin cancer
Skin cancer
Superficial basal cell carcinoma
Systematic review
Abstract in English
Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer with its incidence increasing worldwide. One of the histological subtypes is the superficial BCC. A variety of surgical and non-surgical treatments are available, including 5% imiquimod cream. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinoma compared to other therapeutic modalities. Methods: Systematic review carried out according to the methodology of the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. An electronic search was performed in the following databases: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS. Randomized clinical trials of participants with BCC who used imiquimod cream treatment at any dose, duration and follow-up period compared to other active treatments were included. Primary outcomes included efficacy based on clearance rates and duration. Secondary outcome was the assessment of adverse events. Results: 273 records were identified. 259 records were excluded after reading the titles and abstracts. The remaining 14 records were obtained and read as full text. Nine articles were excluded and 5 articles, reporting the results of 2 studies, fulfilled the criteria and were included in this review, evaluating a total of 820 participants. All included studies were randomized, comparative and from parallel groups. One of the studies compared imiquimod cream to surgery, with a statistically significant difference favoring the surgery group in all studied periods: at one year, difference of 9.9%, 98%CI: 2.9-17.0); at five years, difference of 13.0%, 98%CI: 3.9-22.2. In another study comparing imiquimod cream with photodynamic therapy and 5-fluorouracil cream, a statistically significant difference was observed favoring the imiquimod group compared to photodynamic therapy: At 12 months, the difference in the proportion of tumor free patients was 10.6% (95% CI: 1.5 to 19.5. P = 0.021); At 3 years, the Hazard Ratio for treatment failure was 0.50 (95% CI: 0.33 to 0.76. P = 0.001). However, there was no statistical difference in the comparison of imiquimod with 5-FU in the 12-month and 3-year follow-up study. In 5 years, imiquimod was superior to PDT and 5-fluorouracil (HR for treatment failure 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32-0.71; P < 0.001 and HR 0.65, 95% CI: 0, 43-0.98; P < 0.04, respectively). Conclusions: It was not possible to elaborate a meta-analysis because the therapeutic comparisons were different. Since the different subtypes of basal cell carcinoma have distinct behaviors and responses, individual studies for each subtype are necessary to better define the best therapeutic modality
 
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Publishing Date
2021-10-29
 
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