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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-21022024-122358
Document
Author
Full name
Andre Chateaubriand Campos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Serrano Junior, Carlos Vicente (President)
Andrade, Gabriel Costa de
Cukier, Priscilla
Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos
Title in Portuguese
Associação entre doença arterial coronária obstrutiva e retinopatia diabética: um estudo transversal de angiotomografia das artérias coronárias e avaliação retiniana multimodal
Keywords in Portuguese
Angiotomografia de coronárias
Diabetes mellitus
Doença da artéria coronariana
Retinopatia diabética
Tomografia de coerência óptica
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A retinopatia diabética (RD) é a principal complicação microvascular do diabetes mellitus (DM). A avaliação diagnóstica e o tratamento da RD tiveram um progresso notável com o advento da retinografia ultra-widefield (UWR), tomografia de coerência óptica domínio espectral (SDOCT) e angiografia (OCTA). Estudos recentes sugerem uma forte associação entre complicações microvasculares e macrovasculares do DM, em especial entre RD e doença arterial coronária (DAC). Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre a presença e gravidade de DAC e de RD em pacientes diabéticos através dos métodos não invasivos de maior destaque atualmente disponíveis: angiotomografia de coronárias (CCTA) e avaliação retiniana multimodal (ARMM), composta por UWR, SD-OCT e OCTA. Métodos: estudo unicêntrico, transversal, monocego. Foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de DM que haviam realizado CCTA (indicação independente do estudo). Todos foram submetidos à avaliação oftalmológica detalhada com SD-OCT, OCTA e UWR. Posteriormente foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com presença DAC e comparados. Avaliada a associação entre DAC obstrutiva e RD através de análise univariada e multivariada e realizada pesquisa de variáveis associadas de forma independente à presença de RD. Resultados: Foram incluídos 171 pacientes, sendo 87 com DAC e 84 sem DAC. Os pacientes portadores de DAC eram mais frequentemente do sexo masculino (73,6% vs 38,1%, P<0,01) e tinham maior prevalência de uso de insulina (51,7% vs 37,7%, p<0,01). Deste grupo, 64,4% já haviam submetidos a algum tipo de revascularização (19,6% percutânea, 37,9% cirúrgica e 6,9% percutânea e cirúrgica). Quanto à avaliação oftalmológica, este grupo apresentou maior prevalência de RD (48,2% vs 22,6%, P<0,01). Foram achados mais frequentes nesse grupo: microaneurismas (25,3% vs 13,1%, p=0,04), cistos intrarretinianos (21,9% vs 8,3% sem DAC, P=0,01), bem como áreas de densidade capilar reduzida no plexo capilar superficial (46% vs 20,2%, P<0,01) e no profundo (39% vs 21,4%, P=0,01). Houve ainda menor densidade vascular média 15,7 vs 16,5, P=0,049) e menor circularidade da zona avascular foveal (0,64± 0,1 vs 0,69± 0,1, p= 0,04). Em modelo ajustado a presença de DAC teve um efeito positivo na chance de os pacientes apresentarem RD (OR 4,05 [1,40 -11,66], p=0,009). Duração do DM e uso de insulina também se associaram de forma independente à presença de RD. Conclusão: O grupo de pacientes com DAC obstrutiva apresentou maior prevalência e maior gravidade de RD. Presença de DAC associou-se a maior prevalência de RD, mesmo quando realizados ajustes pelas diferenças basais. Maior duração do DM e uso de insulina também se associaram de forma independente à presença de RD
Title in English
Association between obstructive coronary artery disease and diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study of coronary computed tomography angiography and multimodal retinal imaging
Keywords in English
Coronary artery disease
Coronary computed tomography angiography
Diabetes mellitus
Diabetic retinopathy
Optical coherence tomography
Abstract in English
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Its diagnostic evaluation and treatment have had remarkable progress with the advent of ultra-widefield retinography (UWR), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and angiography (OCTA). Recent studies suggest a strong association between microvascular and macrovascular complications of DM, especially between DR and coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective: To investigate the association between the presence and severity of CAD and DR in diabetic patients using some of the most advanced non-invasive methods currently available: computed coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) and multimodal retinal imaging with UWR, SD-OCT and OCTA. Methods: single-center, cross-sectional, single-blind study. Patients diagnosed with DM who had undergone CCTA (independent indication of the study) were included. All the patients underwent detailed multimodal retinal imaging with UWR, SD-OC and OCTA. Subsequently, they were divided into two groups according to the presence of CAD and compared. The association between obstructive CAD and DR was evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis and another analysis was performed to identify variables independently associated with the presence of DR. Results: 171 patients were included, 87 with CAD and 84 without CAD. Patients with CAD were more frequently men (73.6% vs 38.1%, P<0.01) and had a higher prevalence of insulin use (51.7% vs 37.7%, p<0.01). In this group, 64.4% had already undergone some type of revascularization (19.6% percutaneous, 37.9% surgical and 6.9% percutaneous and surgical). Regarding the SD-OCT and OCTA evaluation, this group had a higher prevalence of DR (48.2% vs 22.6%, P<0.01). The most frequent findings were: microaneurysms (25.3% vs 13.1%, p=0.04), intraretinal cysts (21.9% vs 8.3% without CAD, P=0.01), as well as areas of reduced capillary density in the superficial capillary plexus (46% vs 20.2%, P<0.01) and in the deep capillary plexus (39% vs 21.4%, P=0.01). We also found lower vascular density (15.7 vs 16.5, P=0.049) and lower circularity of the foveal avascular zone (0.64± 0.1 vs 0.69± 0.1, p= 0.04). In an adjusted model, the presence of CAD had a positive effect on the odds of presenting DR (OR 4.05 [1.40 -11.66], p=0.009). DM duration and insulin use were also independently associated with the presence of DR. Conclusion: The group of CAD patients had higher prevalence and severity of DR. Presence of obstructive CAD was associated with higher DR prevalence, even after adjustment for baseline differences. Longer DM duration and insulin use were also independently associated with the presence of DR
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-01
 
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