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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2023.tde-05022024-150606
Document
Author
Full name
Imara Correia de Queiroz Barbosa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Salemi, Vera Maria Cury (President)
Alves, Maria Janieire de Nazaré Nunes
Hotta, Viviane Tiemi
Pena, José Luiz Barros
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação cardíaca utilizando eletrocardiograma, ecocardiograma e biomarcadores em crianças portadoras da síndrome da Zika congênita, com disfunção neurológica avançada
Keywords in Portuguese
Aedes
Disfunção cardíaca
Flavivírus
Microcefalia
Síndrome da Zika congênita
Zika vírus
Abstract in Portuguese
Introdução: A infecção causada pelo vírus Zika durante a gravidez causa microcefalia e dano cerebral no feto, mas o acometimento é sistêmico, com comprometimento muscular difuso, alta frequência de artrogripose e microftalmia, caracterizando a síndrome da Zika congênita (SZC). O comprometimento cardíaco tem sido pouco avaliado. Objetivo: Avaliar em crianças acometidas pela SZC com disfunção neurológica avançada a morfologia e a função cardíaca biventricular, utilizando eletrocardiograma (ECG), ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) e dosagem de biomarcadores. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 52 crianças com SZC (GZ) comparadas com 25 crianças saudáveis (GC). Exame clínico, ECG e ETT foi realizado em todos. Além disso dosagem de troponina I e peptídeo natriurético tipo B (BNP), a classificação de paralisia cerebral (PC) e avaliação da neuroimagem foram realizados no GZ. Resultados: A mediana de idade da população estudada foi 5 anos nos dois grupos, GZ: (3 a 6), GC: (3 a 8), sendo 40,4% (GZ) e 60% (GC) do gênero feminino. NO ETT os parâmetros morfológicos ajustados pelo escore Z foram: diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (VE): GZ: -2,36 [-5,10, 2,63], GC: -1,07 [-3,43, 0,61], p<0,001, diâmetro sistólico do VE: GZ: -1,02 [-4,49, 0,62], GC: -0,06 [-1,98, 2,28], p<0,01, aorta ascendente: GZ: -0,09 [-2,08, 1,60], GC: 0,43 [-1,47, 2,2], p:0,021, diâmetro basal do ventrículo direito (VD): GZ: -2,34 [-4,90, 0,97], GC: -0,96 [-2,21, 0,40], p<0,01, tronco da artéria pulmonar: GZ: -2,13 [-5,99, 0,98], GC: -0,24 [-2,53, 0,59], p<0,01. Fração de ejeção (%): GZ: 65,7, GC:65,6, p: 0,968, índice de volume do átrio esquerdo (ml/m²): GZ: 13,15 [6,80, 18,00], GC: 18,80 [5,90, 25,30], p<0,01, índice de volume do átrio direito (ml/m²): GZ: 10,10 [4,90, 15,30], GC: 15,80 [4,10, 24,80], p<0,01. Os achados funcionais ajustados pelo escore Z foram: excursão sistólica do plano anular mitral (MAPSE) lateral: GZ: 0,36 [-2,79, 4,71], GC: 1,79 [-0,93, 4,5], p: 0,001, excursão sistólica do plano anular tricúspide (TAPSE): GZ: -2,43 [-5,47, 5,09], GC: 0,07 [-1,98, 3,64], p<0,001, S do VD: GZ: 1,20 [3,35, 2,90], GC: -0,20 [-2,15, 1,50], p: 0,012. Os parâmetros relacionados à função diastólica foram: Onda A (cm/s): GZ: 64 [24, 134], GC: 52 [26, 94], p:0,02, onda e septal (cm/s): GZ: 15 [7, 23], GC: 17 [12, 27], p<0,01, onda e lateral (cm/s): GZ: 11 [7, 19], GC: 12 [9, 15], p<0,016, relação E/e: GZ: 7,52 [4,57, 10,78], GC: 6,41 [4,75, 12.64], p<0,01. As medidas de strain não apresentaram diferença entre os grupos. A alteração eletrocardiográfica de maior prevalência foi arritmia sinusal, GZ: 9 (17,3%), GC: 4 (16%), a duração da onda P e do QRS foi menor no GZ. A dosagem de troponina I e BNP foi normal no GZ. O nível V de paralisia cerebral (PC) foi encontrado em 88,6% e calcificação subcortical em 97,22% do GZ. Conclusão: Foi encontrado redução das dimensões cardíacas e alteração funcional, considerando o TAPSE, o S do VD e o MAPSE, nos pacientes com SZC, o que sugere a importância de avaliação e seguimento cardiológico nesse grupo de pacientes
Title in English
Cardiac evaluation using electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and biomarkers in children with congenital Zika syndrome and advanced neurological dysfunction
Keywords in English
Aedes
Cardiac dysfunction
Congenital Zika syndrome
Flavivirus
Microcephaly
Zika virus
Abstract in English
Introduction: The infection caused by the Zika virus during pregnancy causes microcephaly and brain damage in fetus, and the systemic involvement with diffuse muscle impairment, high frequency of arthrogryposis and microphthalmia, characterizes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The cardiac impairment in CZS was rarely evaluated. Purpose: To evaluate the morphology and biventricular cardiac function in children with advanced neurological dysfunction affected by SZC, using electrocardiogram (EKG), transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), and biomarker dosage. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 52 children with CZS (GZ) compared with 25 healthy children (CG). Clinical evaluation, EKG, and echocardiogram were performed in all of them. Also, troponin I and natriuretic peptide type B (BNP) dosages, the degree of cerebral palsy and neuroimaging findings were performed in GZ. Results: The median age of the studied population was 5 years in groups, GZ (3 to 6years), CG (3 to 8years), 40.4% (GZ) and 60% (CG) of female gender. The morphological parameters adjusted for Z score was: left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter in GZ: -2.36 [-5.10, 2.63], CG: -1.07 [-3.43, 0.61], p<0.001; LV end-systolic diameter in GZ: -1.02 [-4.49, 0.62], CG: -0.06 [-1.98, 2.28], p<0.01; ascending aorta in GZ: -0.09 [-2.08, 1.60], CG: 0.43 [-1.47, 2.2], p:0.021; basal diameter of the right ventricle (RV) in GZ: -2.34 [-4.90, 0.97], CG: -0.96 [-2.21, 0.40], p<0.01; pulmonary artery dimension in GZ: -2.13 [-5.99, 0.98], CG: -0.24 [-2.53, 0.59], p<0.01. Ejection fraction (%): GZ: 65.7, CG: 65.6, p: 0,968. The left atrium volume index (ml/m²) was in GZ: 13.15 [6.80, 18.00], CG: 18.80 [5.90, 25.30], p<0.01; right atrium volume index (ml/m²) in GZ: 10.10 [4.90, 15.30], CG: 15.80 [4.10, 24.80], p<0.01. The functional findings adjusted by the Z-score were: lateral systolic excursion of the mitral annular plane (MAPSE) was in GZ: 0.36 [-2.79, 4.71], CG: 1.79 [-0.93, 4.5], p:0.001; tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion in GZ: -2.43 [-5.47, 5.09], CG: 0.07 [-1.98, 3.64], p<0.001; S' of the RV was in GZ: 1.20 [3.35, 2.90], CG: -0.20 [-2.15, 1.50], p:0.0121. The parameters related to diastolic function were: the peak of late mitral inflow (A wave, cm/s) was in GZ: 64 [24, 134], CG: 52 [26, 94], p=0.02; peak of late diastolic mitral annular wave (e) of septum (cm/s) was GZ: 15 [7, 23], CG: 17 [12, 27], p<0.01; peak of e lateral (cm/s) was in GZ: 11 [7, 19], CG: 12 [9, 15], p<0,016; E/e' ratio was GZ: 7.52 [4.57, 10.78], CG: 6.41 [4.75, 12.64], p<0.01. Strain measurements showed no difference between the groups. The most prevalent electrocardiographic alteration was sinus arrhythmia, GZ: 9 (17.3%) and CG: 4 (16%), the duration of the P wave and QRS was shorter in the GZ. The dosage of troponin I and BNP were normal in GZ. Grade V of cerebral palsy was found in 88.6% and subcortical calcification in 97.22% of GZ. Conclusion: A reduction in cardiac dimensions and functional changes, considering TAPSE, VD S', and MAPSE, were found in CZS, which suggests the importance of cardiological evaluation in this group|
 
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Publishing Date
2024-02-19
 
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