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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.5.2020.tde-01072021-111936
Document
Author
Full name
Larissa Ferreira dos Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Rondon, Maria Urbana Pinto Brandão (President)
Corrêa, Lígia de Moraes Antunes
Negrão, Carlos Eduardo
Oliveira, Edilamar Menezes de
Title in Portuguese
Influência dos microRNAs nos fatores angiogênicos e antiangiogênicos na via do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular em pacientes com doença arterial coronariana
Keywords in Portuguese
Doença da artéria coronariana
Efeito antiangiogênese
Fatores angiogênicos
Fluxo sanguíneo regional
MicroRNAs
Vasodilatação
Abstract in Portuguese
INTRODUÇÃO: A disfunção endotelial e inflamação são marcadores da doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Alguns microRNAs(miRNAs) circulantes expressos no endotélio vascular e reguladores da via da angiogênese têm sido descritos na DAC. Contudo, não é conhecida a expressão destes miRNAs localmente, na musculatura esquelética, e sua associação com o fluxo sanguíneo periférico e com os fatores angiogênicos e antiangiogênicos da via do fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) na DAC. Sendo assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as expressões dos miRNAs-126, -16, -21 e 92a teciduais e circulantes em pacientes com DAC, a expressão gênica e proteica tecidual dos fatores angiogênicos e antiangiogênicos da via do VEGF, avaliar o fluxo sanguíneo periférico (FSP), bem como, avaliar se a expressão dos miRNAs estava associada com o FSP e com as expressões proteicas nesses pacientes. MÉTODOS: Vinte e dois pacientes com DAC, sem disfunção ventricular (55±1 anos) e quatorze indivíduos controles saudáveis (CS) foram selecionados. Foi realizada coleta de sangue para avaliação dos miRNAs circulantes e biópsia do vasto lateral para avaliar os miRNAs teciduais e as expressões gênica e proteica. Os miRNAs e genes foram analisados por RT-qPCR, as proteínas por western blotting, e o fluxo sanguíneo periférico pelo ultrassom com Doppler (shear rate, SR) e pletismografia de oclusão venosa (fluxo sanguíneo muscular, FSM). A pressão arterial média (PAM, oscilométrica) e frequência cárdica (FC, eletrocardiograma) foram avaliadas. RESULTADOS: A expressão dos miRNAs teciduais -126, -16 e -21 estava reduzida no grupo com DAC comparado ao grupo CS, (72±6 vs. 100±10, p=0,03; 72±5 vs. 100±11, p= 0,03; 66±8 vs. 100±11, p=0,04; respectivamente). O mesmo comportamento foi observado para os miRNAs circulantes. A expressão tecidual e circulante do miRNA-92a foi semelhante entre os grupos. A expressão gênica de PI3KR2 estava aumentada (p=0,02), enquanto a iNOS (p=0,02) e Bcl-2 (p=0,01) estavam diminuídas na DAC em relação ao grupo CS. A expressão gênica dos demais fatores avaliados não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Em relação à expressão proteica tecidual, os fatores Bad, Bcl-2 e VEGFR-2 estavam aumentados (p < 0,05), o pERK1/2/ERK1/2 estava diminuído (p=0,047) e o pAkt/Akt mostrou uma tendência (p= 0,06) a estar diminuído na DAC. Os demais fatores avaliados foram semelhantes entre os grupos. Em repouso, o FSM do antebraço e da perna, a condutância vascular do antebraço e da perna (CVA e CVP, respectivamente), a PAM e a FC não foram diferentes entre os grupos. Entretanto, durante o exercício de handgrip e de perna o grupo DAC apresentou menor resposta de CVA e CVP em relação ao grupo CS. O padrão de fluxo, shear rate (SR) anterógrado e médio das artérias braquial e femoral, foram menores no grupo DAC em relação ao grupo CS. Já, os SR retrógrado e SR oscilatório foram semelhantes entre os grupos. O miRNA-126 apresentou associação com a expressão proteica da PI3KR2 e o miRNA-16 com o VEGFR-2. Não observamos associação entre os miRNAs circulantes e os padrões de fluxo braquial e femoral. Contudo, o miRNA-92a tecidual apresentou associação com o SR anterógrado. Interessantemente, os miRNAs -126, -16 e -21 circulantes estavam associados ao FSM e a CVA de braço tanto em repouso como durante o exercício. Já, na perna, observamos somente associação entre o miRNA-16 e o FSM. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com DAC apresentam menor expressão dos miRNAs -126, -16 e -21 tanto circulantes quanto teciduais. Estes angiomiRs envolvidos na via do VEGF estão alterados, o que pode interferir na expressão de genes-alvo, alterando o processo de angiogênese, ativação de via apoptótica e de síntese proteica. Além disso, foi observada uma associação positiva entre os c-miRNAs -126, -16 e -21 com a CVA em repouso e durante o exercício, sugerindo dessa maneira, a influência desses angiomiRs na modulação da função vascular
Title in English
Influence of microRNAs on angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in the pathway of vascular endothelial growth factor in coronary artery disease patients
Keywords in English
Angiogenesis inhibitors
Coronary artery disease
MicroRNAs
Regional blood blow, Angiogenesis inducing agents
Vasodilation
Abstract in English
INTRODUCTION: Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are hallmarkers of coronary artery disease (CAD). Some circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) expressed in the vascular endothelium and regulators of the angiogenesis pathway have been described in CAD. However, the local expression in skeletal muscle of these miRNAs is unknown in CAD patients, as well as the association of these miRNAs with peripheral blood flow and with angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway in these patients. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the tissue and circulating miRNAs-126, -16, -21 and 92a expressions in CAD patients, the tissue gene and protein expression of the angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors of the VEGF pathway, to evaluate the peripheral blood flow (PBF), and to evaluate if the miRNAs expressions were associated with the PBF and with the protein expressions in these patients. METHODS: Twenty-two CAD patients without ventricular dysfunction (55±1 years) and fourteen healthy control subjects (CS) were selected. A blood sample was collected to assess circulating miRNAs and the vastus lateralis biopsy was made to assess tissue miRNAs, genes and protein expressions. The miRNAs and genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR, proteins by western blotting, and peripheral blood flow by Doppler ultrasound (shear rate, SR) and venous occlusion plethysmography (muscle blood flow, MBF). Mean arterial pressure (MAP, oscillometric) and cardiac frequency (HR, electrocardiogram) were assessed. RESULTS: The tissue expressions of the miRNAs -126, -16 and -21 was reduced in the CAD group compared to the CS group, (72 ± 6 vs. 100 ± 10, p = 0.03; 72 ± 5 vs. 100 ± 11, p = 0.03; 66 ± 8 vs. 100 ± 11, p = 0.04; respectively). The same behavior was observed for circulating miRNAs. The tissue and circulating expression of miRNA-92a was similar between groups. The gene expression of PI3KR2 was increased (p= 0.02), while iNOS (p=0.02) and Bcl-2 (p=0.01) were decreased in CAD compared to the CS. The gene expression of the other evaluated factors was not different between groups. Regarding tissue protein expression, the factors Bad, Bcl-2 and VEGFR-2 were increased (p < 0.05), pERK1/2/ERK1/2 was decreased (p=0.047) and p-Akt/Akt tended to be decreased (p= 0.06) in CAD patients. The other factors evaluated were similar between groups. At rest, the forearm and leg MBF, the forearm and leg vascular conductance (FVC and LVC, respectively), MAP and HR were not different between groups. However, during the handgrip and leg exercise, the CAD group had a lower FVC and LVC response compared to the CS group. The flow pattern, antegrade and medium shear rate (SR) of the brachial and femoral arteries were lower in the CAD group compared to the CS group. The retrograde and oscillatory SR were similar between groups. MiRNA-126 was associated with PI3KR2 protein expression and miRNA-16 with VEGFR-2. We did not observed associations between circulating miRNAs and brachial and femoral flow patterns. However, tissue miRNA-92a was associated with antegrade SR. Interestingly, circulating - 126, -16 and -21 miRNAs were associated with FBF and FVC at rest and during exercise. On the other hand, in the leg exercise, we only observed an association between miRNA-16 and the FBF. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CAD have reduced circulating and tissue miRNAs -126, -16, and -21 expressions. These angiomiRs involved in the VEGF pathway are altered in these patients, which could interfere in the expression of target genes, altering the process of angiogenesis, activation of the apoptotic pathway, and protein synthesis. In addition, a positive association was observed between c-miRNAs - 126, -16 and -21 with FVC at rest and during exercise, thus suggesting the influence of these angiomiRs on the modulation of vascular function
 
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Publishing Date
2021-07-01
 
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