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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.48.2020.tde-18062021-105235
Document
Author
Full name
Taís Kozlakowski Patrício
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Aquino, Julio Roberto Groppa (President)
Bocchetti, André
Rito, Marcelo
Title in Portuguese
Neurociências em educação no Brasil: uma leitura foucaultiana
Keywords in Portuguese
Arqueologia
Educação
Michel Foucault
Neurociências
Abstract in Portuguese
A partir de referenciais teórico-metodológicos inspirados no pensamento de Michel Foucault, esta pesquisa propôs-se a descrever e analisar os efeitos do ingresso da discursividade neurocientífica nas práticas educacionais brasileiras. Mais especificamente, o problema investigativo refere-se às formas de veridicção e de subjetivação que teriam sustentado o encontro entre os dois campos, consubstanciadas na circulação de determinados enunciados das neurociências apropriados pelo meio educacional. A fim de abarcar dois grandes âmbitos de circulação do discurso neurocientífico no campo educacional, as seguintes fontes foram mobilizadas: 22 livros e coletâneas de divulgação de saberes neurocientíficos dirigidos a educadores, publicados entre os anos de 2001 e 2018; e 67 artigos acadêmicos educacionais que datam de 1996 a 2018, constantes de 56 periódicos da área educacional. A análise do material apoiou-se em alguns preceitos da arqueologia foucaultiana no intuito de observar como seus enunciados organizaram-se segundo certas regularidades/ irregularidades discursivas. Desse modo, foi possível mapear o ingresso da discursividade neurocientífica nas esferas da docência e da pesquisa educacional, demonstrando como se relacionaram as problemáticas da ordem do saber, do ser e do poder em: 1) certas histórias das neurociências; 2) tentativas de garantir um lastro de verdade à educação por meio de metodologias científicas; 3) explicações somáticas da aprendizagem; 4) defesas da aprendizagem de todos por toda a vida; e 5) práticas educacionais sugeridas por tais discursos. Ademais, identificamos quatro tipos de perspectivas possíveis no emprego da discursividade neurocientífica na educação: as históricas; as médico-psicológicas; as sociofilosóficas; e as críticas. Apesar de haver algumas discrepâncias entre elas, a análise mostrou que elas convergem ao afirmarem que a subjetividade não poderia ser reduzida ao âmbito cerebral, e que a biologia não poderia ser tomada como um impeditivo para que os todos os indivíduos aprendessem ao longo de suas vidas, credenciando, assim, as práticas educacionais como uma estratégia de governamento perene e eficaz.
Title in English
Neurosciences in Brazilian education: an foucaultian reading
Keywords in English
Archaeology
Education
Michel Foucault
Neurosciences
Abstract in English
From theoretical and methodological references inspired by Michel Foucault's thinking, this research aimed to describe and analyze the effects of the entry of neuroscientific discourse into Brazilian educational practices. More specifically, the investigative problem refers to the veridiction and subjectivation forms that would have sustained the encounter between the two fields, embodied in the circulation of certain neurosciences statements that were appropriate by the educational field. In order to cover two major neuroscientific discourse circulation areas in the educational field, the following sources were mobilized: 22 books and collectaneas wroted in order to disseminate neuroscientific knowledge and addressed to educators, published between 2001 and 2018; and 67 educational academic articles dating from 1996 to 2018, included in 56 educational journals. The analysis of the material was based on some Foucault's archeology precepts in order to observe how their statements were organized according to certain discursive regularities/irregularities. In this way, it was possible to map the entry of the neuroscientific discourse in the teaching and in the educational research spheres, demonstrating how the problems in the order of knowledge, being and power were related in: 1) certain histories of neurosciences; 2) attempts to guarantee that education was based in the truth by applying scientific methodologies; 3) somatic explanations of learning; 4) defenses that everyone should learn during his whole life; and 5) educational practices suggested by such discourses. Furthermore, we have identified four possible types of perspectives when the neuroscientific discourse was used in education: the historical; the medical-psychological; the socio-philosophical; and the critical. Although there are some discrepancies between them, the analysis showed that they converge by stating that the subjectivity could not be reduced to the cerebral sphere, and that biology could not be taken as an impediment for all individuals to learn throughout their lives, thus accrediting educational practices as a perennial and effective government strategy.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-06-23
 
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