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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.48.2023.tde-14062023-111455
Document
Author
Full name
Veronica Vizotto dos Santos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Gottschalk, Cristiane Maria Cornelia (President)
Oliveira, Paulo Sampaio Xavier de
Rodrigues, Leda Maria de Oliveira
Title in Portuguese
Ensino de uma segunda língua para crianças imigrantes no período da alfabetização na escola democratizada
Keywords in Portuguese
Direito à educação
Educação escolar básica
Imigrantes
Abstract in Portuguese
A imigração para o Brasil não é um fenômeno recente: as grandes ondas imigratórias começaram com o tráfico de escravos, a fim de salvaguardar mão de obra contínua para o rentável comércio de açúcar dos séculos XVI e XVII. O tráfico humano de populações negras, patrocinado pela Coroa portuguesa e depois por particulares, propagado desde o século XVI até o final do século XIX, fez do Brasil o país com a maior população negra fora da África. No século XVIII, porém, Portugal tinha ido na contramão dos padrões migratórios europeus; significando que os imigrantes portugueses cruzaram o Oceano Atlântico um século antes do resto da Europa; isso se deveu à descoberta de ouro no Brasil, principalmente o ouro de aluvião, que não exigia nenhuma especialização ou capital para sua extração, atraindo, portanto, milhões com a expectativa de enriquecimento fácil e rápido. Após o século XVIII, o Brasil teve um contínuo afluxo de imigrantes brancos europeus de fé católica, que fugiram das grandes convulsões políticas, fome e guerras na Europa. Por fim, nos últimos anos, devido a crises econômicas, guerras e desastres naturais, o Brasil recebeu imigrantes de países fronteiriços, Haiti e Ucrânia. No entanto, a recepção e as relações com cada grupo de imigrantes mudam de acordo com o ideal de nação esperado ao longo dos tempos: se, por um lado, os imigrantes são sinônimo de força de trabalho, por outro, podem representar perigos. E, para atingir os ideais nacionais, foram feitas leis que, em muitas ocasiões, trataram com violência os de línguas e culturas diferentes ou os tornaram invisíveis. Não obstante, com a Constituição de 1988, que garantiu educação a todos, e a Nova Lei de Migração de 2017, os imigrantes passaram a frequentar as escolas sem conhecer o idioma português. Então, como garantir o direito à educação e cumprir as metas de alfabetização para todas as crianças em idade adequada? Para tentar responder a essa questão, discutiremos questões pedagógicas, culturais e políticas, à luz das ideias de Wittgenstein encontradas em sua obra Investigação filosófica, das ideias de Rousseau e de autores contemporâneos que investigam fenômenos de linguagem, cultura e migração. Também baseamos esta pesquisa nas Constituições do Brasil desde 1934 e nos principais documentos sobre migração e educação desde 1930.
Title in English
The teaching of a second language for immigrant children during the literacy period in a democracy school
Keywords in English
Basic school education
immigrants
Right to education.
Abstract in English
Immigration to Brazil is not a recent phenomenon: the great immigratory waves have started with the Portugueses traffic of enslaved peoples which brought in African peoples en masse, in order to safeguard continuous manpower to the profitable XVIs and XVIIs Sugar Trade. The human traffic of black populaces, sponsored by the Portuguese Crown and later by private parties, spammed from the XVI century until the XIX centurys late quarter, which made Brazil the country with the most black demographics outside of Africa. In the XVIII century, however, Portugal had gone against the grain of European migratory patterns; meaning Portuguese immigrants have crossed the Atlantic Ocean in flocks one century earlier than the rest of Europe; this was due the discovery of gold in Brazil, particularly alluvial gold, which did not demand any specialization or capital for its extraction, therefore attracted millions with expectations of attaining easy and quick riches. Following the XVIII century, Brazil had a continuous affluxion of white Europeans immigrants from the Catholic Faith, who fled the great political turmoils, famines and wars in the Old Continent. Finally, in recent years, due to economic crises, wars and natural disasters, Brazil received immigrants from frontier countries, Haiti and Ukraine. Nonetheless the reception and relations with each immigrant group change according to the ideal of nation expected throughout times: if, on one hand, an immigrant is labour power, on the other hand they could represent dangers. And, in order to reach national ideals, laws were made which, on many occasions, treated with violence those with different languages and cultures or made them invisible. Notwithstanding, with the 1988s Constitution, which ensured education to everyone, and the 2017s New Law of Migration, immigrants are now going to schools without knowing the Portuguese idiom. Then, how to guarantee the right to education and fulfill the goals of literacy for all children at an appropriate age? To try answering this question, we shall discuss pedagogical, cultural and political matters, under Wittgenstein's ideas found in his work Philosophical investigation, Rousseau's ideology, and recent authors who investigate language, culture and migration phenomena. We also based this research on Brazil's Constitutions since 1934 and in the main documents about migration and education since 1930.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-06-15
 
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