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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.47.2023.tde-12092023-144641
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Paula Hornos Farias
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Benvenuti, Marcelo Frota Lobato (President)
Costa, Carlos Eduardo
Henriques, Marcelo Borges
Title in Portuguese
Autocontrole em escolha profissional: efeitos da origem do reforçador e do aumento no intervalo de tempo para escolher
Keywords in Portuguese
Autocontrole
Carreira
Dinheiro
Economia Comportamental
Escolha Profissional
Impulsividade
Motivação
Reforçador Generalizado
Abstract in Portuguese
Escolhas em alternativas conflitantes são encontradas no cotidiano financeiro das pessoas, entre reforçadores de curto prazo de menor magnitude (e.g. dinheiro rápido e fácil por meio de investimentos financeiros não mesurados) e reforçadores de longo prazo com maior valor (e.g. dedicação na análise de investimentos e/ou na atividade profissional escolhida). O presente trabalho estudou escolhas de carreiras a partir de conhecimentos da Psicologia, em análise do comportamento e da Economia, sobre efeitos de atraso e o tipo de reforçador envolvido em situação de escolha: remuneração, atividades preferidas (vistas como habilidades empenhadas), status (reconhecimento social) e contribuição. O delineamento desta pesquisa foi intra-sujeitos. 22 participantes, na faixa etária entre 21 e 55 anos de idade, foram convidados a responder duas vezes ao mesmo questionário estruturado contendo dezesseis perguntas, com intervalo de seis horas entre o primeiro e o segundo envio. Como resultados da pesquisa, respostas autocontroladas foram favorecidas para intervalos maiores, apontando desvalorização do valor das opções pelo atraso no tempo, em linha com modelos da psicologia experimental. Quando introduzido o tempo de 6 horas para escolher, resultados foram similares com achados de Rachlin e Green (1972) sobre autocontrole, pois houve aumento na incidência de respostas autocontroladas, em 3 dos domínios: remuneração, atividades preferidas e contribuição (sendo 2 últimos com variação estatisticamente significativa). Adicionalmente, a plotagem dos dados obtidos apontou um perfil exponencial de respostas, diferindo do modelo de função hiperbólica de desconto (Rachlin, et al., 1991). Dada a tendência de crescente instabilidade aos quais indivíduos estão sujeitos e aumento de reforçadores condicionados generalizados de curto prazo oferecidos pelo mercado, espera-se que esta pesquisa contribua com caminhos para análise comportamental aplicada a respeito de escolhas profissionais autocontroladas, com reforçamento de magnitude maior no longo prazo.
Title in English
Self-control in Professional Choice: effect of the origin of the reinforcer and the increase in the time interval to choose
Keywords in English
Behavioral Economics
Career
Generalized Reinforcer
Impulsivity
Money
Motivation
Professional Choice
Self-contro
Abstract in English
Choices in conflicting alternatives are found in people's daily financial choices between short-term reinforcers of lesser magnitude (e.g., "quick and easy" money through unmeasured financial investments) and longer-term reinforcers with greater value (e.g., dedication to the analysis of investments and/or in the chosen professional activity). The present work studied career choices based on knowledge from Psychology, in behavior analysis and Economics, on delay effects and the type of reinforcer involved in a choice situation: remuneration, preferred activities (seen as engaged skills), status (social recognition) and contribution. The design of this research was intra-subjects. 22 participants, aged between 21 and 55 years old, were invited to respond twice to the same structured questionnaire containing sixteen questions, with an interval of six hours between the first and second submissions. As a result of the research, self-controlled responses were favored for longer intervals, indicating devaluation of the value of options due to time delay, in line with experimental psychology models. When the time of 6 hours to choose was introduced, results were like the findings of Rachlin and Green (1972) on self-control, as there was an increase in the incidence of self-controlled responses, in 3 of the domains: remuneration, preferred activities and contribution (the last 2 with statistically significant variation). Additionally, the plotting of the obtained data pointed to an exponential response profile, differing from the hyperbolic discount function model (Rachlin, et al., 1991). Given the trend of increasing instability to which individuals are subject and the increase in generalized short-term conditioned reinforcers offered by the market, it is expected that this research will contribute with paths for applied behavioral analysis regarding self-controlled professional choices, with reinforcement of a greater magnitude in the long term.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-09-15
 
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