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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.46.2017.tde-11042017-081009
Document
Author
Full name
Juliana Mino Nakagawa
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2016
Supervisor
Committee
Marzorati, Liliana (President)
Rodrigues, Alessandro
Rodrigues, Daniel Nopper Silva
Title in Portuguese
Obtenção de β-aminoálcoois utilizando sais de piridínio
Keywords in Portuguese
Beta-aminoálcoois
Diels-Alder
Oxazolidinas
Sais de piridínio
Abstract in Portuguese
Quando o tetrafluoroborato de N-(α-carbometoximetil)-2,4,6-trifenilpiridínio (Ia) foi tratado com hidróxido de potássio em etanol, resultou uma betaína que, ao ser aquecida na presença de benzaldeído ou p-clorobenzaldeído, não produziu a esperada oxazolidina IIa. Em lugar desta 1,2-di-hidropiridina, formou-se um sal cujo cátion correspondia à estrutura de um N-metil-2,4,6-trifenilpiridínio (III). Este composto resultaria da protonação da ilida intermediária, formada pela descarboxilação da betaína. Porém, quando o mesmo tipo de reação foi efetuada com o derivado α-metilado Ib, o espectro de RMN de H do produto bruto indicou a formação da di-hidropiridina (IIb), na forma de 4 estereoisômeros. A oxazolidina IIa, como um isômero largamente majoritário, pôde ser obtida pela reação do tetrafluoroborato de N-metil-2,4,6-trifenilpiridínio (III) com p-clorobenzaldeído, na presença de uma solução diluída de álcali. Esta oxazolidina era bastante instável e não pode ser purificada, sendo submetida na forma bruta à reação de Diels-Alder com a N-metil-maleimida. Esta reação conduziu a dois adutos isoméricos (IV e V). Embora o aduto majoritário (V) fosse estável em solução de deutero-clorofórmio, o aduto minoritário (IV), na presença desse solvente e à temperatura ambiente, isomerizava-se após algumas horas. A estrutura dos três adutos foi determinada por experimentos de RMN de H (NOESY e NOE 1D seletivo). A adição de um pequeno volume de solução diluída de ácido clorídrico aos compostos IV e V, dissolvidos em acetonitrila e à temperatura ambiente, resultou na isomerização catalítica desses adutos. Porém, quando esta reação de protonação foi efetuada sob refluxo de acetonitrila, formaram-se dois produtos (VI e VII), cuja estrutura era compatível com ocorrência de uma reação de retro-aza Diels-Alder. Finalmente, foi estudado o equilíbrio conformacional de dois novos sais de 2,4,6-trifenil- piridínio, e os resultados foram comparados com aqueles obtidos para os sais análogos 2,4,6-trimetil-substituídos.
Title in English
Preparation of β- aminoalcohols from Pyridinium Salts
Keywords in English
Beta-aminoalcohols
Diels-Alder
Oxazolidines
Pyridinium salt
Abstract in English
When the tetrafluoroborate of N-(α-carbomethoxymethyl)-2,4,6-triphenylpridinium (Ia) was submitted to alkaline hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation upon heating, the resulting betaine failed to undergo the aldol addition reaction with aromatic aldehydes leading, in lieu of the expected oxazolidine (IIa),a salt bearing the cation N-methyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium (III), as a result of the easy protonation of the intermediate ylide. However, for the corresponding a-methylated salt (Ib), the formation of four stereoisomeric 1,2- dihydropiridines was confirmed by inspection of the H NMR of the crude product. As an alternative to this method for obtaining IIa, a mixture of III and p-chlorobenzaldehyde was stirred at room temperature for several hours, in the presence of a diluted aqueous alkali. The resulting 1,2-dihidropyridine (IIa) was rather unstable precluding its isolation from the crude product mixture, and was submitted, without further purification, to the Diels-Alder reaction with Nmethylmaleimide, leading to two diastereomeric isoquinuclidines (IV) and (V). Although the major isomer showed to be stable in a deuterochloroform solution, the minor isomer (IV) underwent a spontaneous isomerization, upon standing in such solvent at room temperature. The stereochemical features of these three aducts could be accessed by NOESY and 1D NOE selective H NMR experiments. By treating a solution of adducts IV and V in acetonitrile with a small volume of aqueous HCl, at room temperature, an acid catalyzed isomerization took place. However, when the protonation reaction of the major diastereoisomer (V) was performed in acetonitrile at the reflux temperature, two products (VI and VII) were isolated, highlighting the occurrence of a retro-aza Diels Alder reaction. Finally, the conformation equilibria for two new 2,4,6-triphenyl- pyridinium salts was investigated. Results were correlated with previous ones referring to analogous 2,4,6-trimethyl- salts.
 
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Publishing Date
2017-04-24
 
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