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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.46.2010.tde-16062010-092033
Document
Author
Full name
João Gargalaka Júnior
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2010
Supervisor
Committee
Araki, Koiti (President)
Bizeto, Marcos Augusto
Kawano, Yoshio
Title in Portuguese
Preparação, caracterização e propriedades de nanocompósitos de poliamida 6 argilas organofílicas
Keywords in Portuguese
Montmorilonita
Nanocompósitos
Poliamida 6
Abstract in Portuguese
Nanocompósitos poliméricos foram preparados por meio da incorporação de 1, 2, 5 e 10% das argilas montmorilonita organofílicas Cloisite 15A e 30B em poliamida-6, pelo método de fusão numa extrusora dupla rosca. Em seguida, foram reprocessados numa extrusora mono-rosca gerando folhas pelo método balão e caracterizados por meio de técnicas espectroscópicas, de análise térmica e difração de raio-X. Os estudos mostraram a formação de nanocompósitos com uma boa dispersão e esfolheamento, principalmente em concentrações de argila inferiores a 5%. Nas amostras com 5 e 10%, nanocompósitos intercalados também foram observados. Portanto, quando a concentração de argila aumenta no nanocompósito, fica cada vez mais difícil obter nanocompósitos totalmente esfoliados. Além disso, verificou-se que a incorporação de 1% da Cloisite 15A ou 30B induzem a cristalização do polímero, predominando a fase γ nos filmes. Entretanto, a medida que a concentração de argila aumenta a fração de fase amorfa tende a aumentar, provavelmente em decorrência da diminuição da velocidade do processo de recristalização em torno de 194 ºC, que gera a fase cristalina γ. Foi demonstrado a presença de um excesso de surfactante em uma das argilas organofílicas, tanto na parte exterior dos tactóides como na região interlamelar, aumentando o espaçamento basal e facilitando o processo de intercalação/esfolheamento. Todavia, o excesso de surfactante interfere nos processos de incorporação pois sofrem decomposição em temperaturas relativamente baixas (200 ºC) enquanto o cátion amônio intercalado se decompõe a 240 ºC. De fato, os estudos realizados comprovam que o surfactante tem influência direta sobre as propriedades das argilas organofílicas e grande importância no processo de incorporação. Melhorias significativas foram observadas nas propriedades de barreira a gases e mecânicas, principalmente com relação a resistência a tração, que aumenta a medida que se aumenta a concentração de argila. As propriedades de perfuração não foram significativamente modificadas, mas também verificou-se um aumento significativo da estabilidade mecânica em função da temperatura. Porém, a absorção de umidade interfere negativamente tanto nas propriedades mecânicas quanto na de barreira a gases, sendo que a Cloisite 15A é menos suscetível que a Cloisite 30B, provavelmente devido ao cátion de amônio quaternário ser mais hidrofóbico. Assim, os filmes de nanocompósitos de poliamida- 6/argila devem ter aplicações diversas na indústria de embalagens
Title in English
Preparation, characterization and properties of nanocomposites of polyamide 6 and organophilic clays.
Keywords in English
Montmorillonite
Nanocomposites
Polyamide 6
Abstract in English
Polymeric nanocomposites were obtained by incorporation of 1, 2, 5 e 10% of the organophilic clays Cloisite 15A e 30B in polyamide-6, using a twin-screw extruder and the melting process. Then, the pellets were reprocessed as films in a single-screw extruder coupled with the blow method, and those materials were characterized by means of spectroscopic, thermal and X-ray difraction techniques. The results were consistent with the formation of nanocomposites with excellent dispersion and exfoliation, especially when the concentration of clay was below 5%. In the samples containing 5 e 10%, the presence of tactoids were observed showing the formation of intercalated nanocomposites as well. Thus, as the concentration of organophillic clay increases, the fraction of completely exfoliated clay decreased. Furthermore, the incorporation of clays (Cloisite 15A or 30B) in concentrations as low as 1% induced the crystallization of polyamide-6, such that it was found in the films predominantly in the γ phase. However, as the concentration of clay increases there is a steady increase of the amorphous phase, probably due to the decrease of the rate of the recrystallization process at 194 ºC, responsible for the formation of the γ phase. Also, the presence of an excess of surfactant was confirmed for both, Clositite 15A and 30B, around the tactoids and in the interlamelar space also, increasing the basal distance and facilitating the intercalation/exfoliation process. However, such an excess interfere in the nanocomposite preparation process since decomposes at relatively low temperatures (200 ºC) while the intercalated quaternary ammonium cation decomposes at 240 ºC. In fact, we showed that the structure of the surfactant directly influences the properties of the organophilic clays, and has strong influence on the nanocomposite preparation process. Significant improvements in the barrier effect to gases and in the mechanical properties were noticed for the nanocomposites, particularly on the resistance to traction and on the mechanical stability as a function of temperature, but the resistance to perforation didnt change significantly as the concentration of clay increased. The absorption of water by the nanocomposites influenced negatively the mechanical properties and the barrier effect as well. However, the nanocomposites prepared with Cloisite 15A were less susceptible than those obtained with Cloisite 30B, probably because the quaternary ammoniun salt in the first one is more hydrophobic and repels more effectively the water molecules
 
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Publishing Date
2010-08-17
 
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