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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.46.1997.tde-16072008-093734
Document
Author
Full name
Carlos Sergio da Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1997
Supervisor
Committee
Oliveira, Elisabeth de (President)
Arcuri, Arline Sydneia Abel
Machado, Jorge Mesquita Huet
Massaro, Sérgio
Silva, Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi Santiago da
Title in Portuguese
Um estudo crítico sobre a saúde dos trabalhadores de galvânicas, por meio das relações entre as avaliações ambientais, biológicas e otorrinolaringológicas
Keywords in Portuguese
Avaliação ambiental
Avaliação otorrinolaringológica
Monitoramento biológico
Toxicologia clínica
Toxicologia ocupacional
Abstract in Portuguese
Avaliação ambiental, biológica e otorrinolaringológica foi realizada em 461 trabalhadores de 22 galvânicas com diferentes processos de tratamento de superficie: anodização, cromo duro, cromo decorativo, zincagem e processos diversos. O ar do ambiente de trabalho foi coletado individualmente e em pontos fixos, durante a semana de trabalho, para se avaliarem névoas sulfúricas e clorídricas, além daquelas referentes a cromo, níquel e zinco. Amostras de urina dos trabalhadores, foram coletadas no início e final do período de trabalho, para se determinar a concentração de Cr-U, Ni-U e Zn-U. Utilizou-se a técnica de espectrofotometria de absorção atômica com forno de grafite para determinação de Cr-U e Ni-U; o Zn-ar, Ni-ar e o Zn-U foram determinados pela mesma técnica mas utilizando-se na atomização do analito, a chama. Os limites de detecção foram semelhantes aos encontrados na literatura internacional. Os resultados ambientais situaram-se, na sua maioria, bem abaixo dos limites de tolerância estabelecido pela legislação brasileira e internacional, ressaltando-se que, dos contaminantes avaliados, existem LTs apenas para o cromo e névoas clorídricas enquanto que limite biológico apenas para o Cr-U. Os resultados otorrinolaringológicos dos trabalhadores foram surpreendentes, considerando-se todos os processos avaliados: 35,5% de lesões médias e avançadas nas vias aéreas superiores e 40,1% de lesões iniciais e inespecíficas. Estes resultados relacionados com os obtidos nas avaliações ambientais e biológicas, dão-nos a certeza de que os limites de tolerância não são parâmetros seguros para proteger a saúde do trabalhador.
Title in English
A study relating to electroplaters´ health through relationships between environmental, biological, nose and throat evaluations
Keywords in English
Biological monitoring
Environmental evaluation
Nose and throat evaluation
Abstract in English
Environmental, biological, and otolaryngology evaluations were carried out on 461 workers from 22 electroplaters with different processes for the treatment of surfaces. Air from the working environment was collected both individually end from fixed points, during the working week, for evaluation of sulphuric and hydrochloric acid mists, as well as for mists of chrome, nickel and zinc. Samples of worker's urine were collected at the beginning and end of the work shift in order to determine the concentrations of U-Cr, U-Ni and U-Zn. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine air-Cr, U-Cr, and U-Ni; air-Zn, air-Ni and U-Zn were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limits were similar to those found in the intemational literature. The environmental and biological results were in most cases below the limits set by the Brazilian and International legislation. Note that, of the contaminants evaluated, TLs are available for only chrome and hydrochloric acid mists and Biological Limits for only U-Cr. The otolaryngology results for the workers were surprising, taking into account all of the processes evaluated: 35.5% with medium and advanced lesions of the upper respiratory tract, and 40.1% with initial or non-specific lesions. These results, taken together with those obtained in the environmental and biological evaluations show that the tolerance limits are not safe parameters to protect worker's health.
 
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Publishing Date
2008-07-21
 
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