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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.45.2021.tde-11052021-020459
Document
Author
Full name
Arcelino Bruno Lobato do Nascimento
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Bonnot, Sylvain Philippe Pierre (President)
Carvalho, André Salles de
Messaoudi, Ali
Quiñones, Pablo Andrés Guarino
Vargas, Edson
Title in English
Branched coverings of the 2-sphere
Keywords in English
Balanced graphs
Branched coverings
Cell graphs
Combinatorics
Geometric topology
Abstract in English
Thurston obtained a combinatorial characterization for generic branched self-coverings that preserve the orientation of the oriented 2-sphere by associating a planar graph to them [KL15]. In this work, the Thurston result is generalized to any branched covering of the oriented 2-sphere. To achieve that the notion of local balance introduced by Thurston is generalized. As an application, a new proof for a Theorem of Eremenko-Gabrielov-Mukhin-Tarasov-Varchenko [EG02], [MTV09] is obtained. This theorem corresponded to a special case of the B. & M. Shapiro conjecture. In this case, it refers to generic rational functions stating that a generic rational function R : CP¹--.! CP¹ with only real critical points can be transformed by post-composition with an automorphism of CP¹ into a quotient of polynomials with real coefficients. Operations against balanced graphs are introduced.
Title in Portuguese
Recobrimentos ramificados da 2-esfera
Keywords in Portuguese
Combinatória
Grafos balanceados
Grafos celulares
Recobrimentos ramificados
Topologia geométrica
Abstract in Portuguese
Thurston obteve uma caracterização combinatória para os autorecobrimentos ramificados genéricos que preservam a orientação da 2-esfera orientada associando a eles um grafo planar [KL15]. Neste trabalho, o resultado de Thurston é generalizado para qualquer recobrimento ramificado da 2-esfera que preservam a orientação. Para isso, a noção de balanceamento local introduzida por Turston é generalizada. Como aplicação, uma nova prova para um teorema de Eremenko-Gabrielov-Mukhin-Tarasov-Varchenko [EG02], [MTV09] é dada. Este teorema correspondia a um caso especial da Conjectura de B. & M. Shapiro. Neste caso, ela se refere às funções racionais genéricas afirmando que uma função racional genérica R : CP¹ --> CP¹ com apenas pontos críticos reais pode ser transformada via pós-composição com um automorfismo de CP¹ em um quociente de polinômios com coeficientes reais. Operações contra gráficos balanceados são introduzidas.
 
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arcelino.pdf (28.75 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2021-07-06
 
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