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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.43.2023.tde-25042023-144329
Document
Author
Full name
Rodrigo de Azeredo Orselli
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Barata, Joao Carlos Alves (President)
Gorodski, Claudio
Landulfo, Andre Gustavo Scagliusi
Title in Portuguese
Teoremas de singularidade e condições de energia
Keywords in Portuguese
Desigualdades Quânticas de Energia
Geometria Diferencial
Relatividade Geral
Teoremas de Singularidade
Teoria Quântica de Campos
Abstract in Portuguese
Os teoremas de singularidade provados por Penrose e Hawking entre 1965 e 1970 concluíram um debate de décadas a respeito da existência de singularidades na Relatividade Geral. No entanto, sua aplicabilidade é limitada quando o comportamento quântico da matéria é levado em consideração: as Condições Forte e Nula de Energia, requeridas por estes teoremas, não são válidas em Teorias Quânticas de Campos, como se sabe desde, pelo menos, o trabalho de Epstein, Glaser e Jaffe, em 1965. Extensões dos teoremas de Hawking e Penrose com condições de energia alternativas vêm sendo encontradas desde o final da década de 1970 por Tipler, Roman, Wald, Yurtsever e outros. Mas foi somente em 2011, em trabalho de Fewster e Galloway, que apareceram pela primeira vez teoremas de singularidade com condições de energia inspiradas pelas desigualdades do tipo verificado por campos quânticos. Posteriormente, este trabalho foi atualizado por Fewster e Kontou, que, em artigo de 2019, mostraram como essencialmente os mesmos teoremas podiam ser obtidos através de uma nova e mais simples estratégia, que consiste em substituir o método tradicional para detecção de pontos focais via a desigualdade de Raychaudhuri por uma técnica variacional. Nesta dissertação, apresentaremos uma revisão detalhada destes desenvolvimentos no campo dos teoremas de singularidade, com atenção especial aos resultados mais recentes de Fewster e Kontou e aos novos métodos matemáticos ali empregados.
Title in English
Singularity theorems and energy conditions
Keywords in English
Differential Geometry
General Relativity
Quantum Energy Inequalities
Quantum Field Theory
Singularity Theorems
Abstract in English
The singularity theorems proved by Penrose and Hawking between 1965 and 1970 settled a decades-long debate concerning the existence of singularities in General Relativity. However, they are of limited applicability when the quantum behaviour of matter is taken into account, as the Strong and Null Energy Conditions, which these theorems require, are known (since at least the work by Epstein, Glaser and Jaffe in 1965) not to be valid in Quantum Field Theories. Extensions of Hawking and Penrose's theorems with alternative energy conditions were found as early as the late 1970s by Tipler, Roman, Wald, Yurtsever and others. But it was not until 2011, with work by Fewster and Galloway, that singularity theorems with energy conditions inspired by the energy inequalities that quantum fields are believed to verify were first proved. This work was subsequently updated by Fewster and Kontou, who in a 2019 paper showed how essentially the same theorems could be obtained with a new, simpler strategy, which replaced the traditional way of detecting focal points via the Raychaudhuri inequality with a variational method. In this dissertation, we give a detailed review of these developments in the field of singularity theorems, with particular attention to the most recent results by Fewster and Kontou and the new mathematical approach utilised therein.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-05-11
 
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