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Tesis Doctoral
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.43.2003.tde-25022014-120411
Documento
Autor
Nombre completo
Sarah Isabel Pinto Monteiro do Nascimento Alves
Instituto/Escuela/Facultad
Área de Conocimiento
Fecha de Defensa
Publicación
São Paulo, 2003
Director
Tribunal
Figueiredo Neto, Antonio Martins (Presidente)
Miranda Neto, José Américo de
Rechenberg, Hercilio Rodolfo
Tourinho, Francisco Augusto
Zilio, Sérgio Carlos
Título en portugués
Termodifusão em colóides magnéticos: o efeito Soret
Palabras clave en portugués
Cristais líquidos
Física do estado líquido
Óptica
Termodinâmica
Resumen en portugués
Este trabalho investiga a termodifusão em coloides magnéticos através da técnica de varredura Z. O ponto de partida é a generalização do modelo de lente térmica, supondo o surgimento de um gradiente de concentração dos grãos magnéticos devido ao gradiente de temperatura causado pelo feixe de laser sobre a amostra. A partir do uso da técnica de varredura Z foi possível o estudo do coeficiente Soret (S IND.T) em ferrofluidos iônicos, surfactados e citrados, em amostras com baixa concentração de grãos (fração volumétrica de Fe, ø, menor que 1%). Na generalização do modelo de lente térmica que efetuamos, consideramos que a variação no índice de refração da amostra, em uma experiência de varredura Z, depende da variação da intensidade do feixe laser (I), da variação da temperatura (T) e da variação da concentração de grãos magnéticos (ø), onde C IND.N, C IND.T e C IND.S são seus respectivos parâmetros adimensionais no modelo. Uma vez que o tempo característico da termodifusão é da ordem de segundos, uma varredura Z com pulsos da ordem de 20ms é utilizada para a determinação de C IND.N. C IND.T é obtido independentemente por meio de métodos de óptica linear.Após a determinação de C IND.N e C IND.T, uma varredura Z com duração de pulso da ordem de 1 segundo é feita para determinar C IND.S e, posteriormente, o coeficiente Soret. A partir do comportamento da curva de evolução temporal da tranmitância com pulsos de 1 segundo pode-se determinar o sinal do coeficiente Soret. O sinal está relacionado com a tendência dos grãos de migrarem para a região mais fria (termofóbico, S IND.T>0) ou mais quente (termofílico, S IND.T<0) da amostra, dependendo de suas características físico-químicas. Mostramos que o módulo de S IND.T é proporcional a ø, em concordância com resultados obtidos para soluções mais concentradas (ø1) através da técnica de Espalhamento Rayleigh Forçado. Uma possível origem física para os comportamentos termofóbico e termofílico dos fluidos magnéticos poderia estar relacionada a mudanças na intensidade das forças que mantêm o equilíbrio coloidal, por ação da temperatura.
Título en inglés
Thermodiffusion in magnetic colloids: the Soret effect.
Palabras clave en inglés
Liquid crystals
Liquid state physics
Optics
Thermodynamics
Resumen en inglés
This work explores the thermodiffusion in magnetic colloids through the Z-Scan technique. The starting point is the generalization of the thermal lens model based on the assumption that the concentration gradient of the magnetic grains emerges due to the temperature gradient caused by the laser beam on the sample. By using the Z-Scan technique it was possible to study the Soret coefficient (ST) for ionic, surfacted and citrated ferrofluids in samples with low concentration of grains (Fe volumetric percentage, ø, less than 1%). In this thermal lens model generalization, we have considered that the refraction índex variation in a Z-Scan experiment depends on the laser beam intensity (I), the temperature variation (T) and the variation of the magnetic grains concentration (ø), where CN, CT and CS are their respective dimensionless parameters in the model. As characteristic time of thermodiffusion is of the order of seconds, a Z-Scan with pulses around 20 ms is used in order to determine CN. CT is obtained independently by using lenear optics methods. After the determination of CN and CT, a Z-Scan with pulses around 1 second is made in order to determine CS and, Consequently, the Soret coefficient. Through the behavior of the time dependent transmittance with 1-second pulses we were able to determine the sign of the Soret coefficient. The sign is related to the tendency of the grains to migrate to the colder region (thermophobic, ST>0) or to the warmer region (thermophilic, ST<0) of the sample, depending on its physical-chemical characteristics. We have showed that the ST module is proportional to ø, in agreement with the results for higher concentration solutions (ø1%) obtained through Forced Rayleigh Scattering. A possible physical originfor the thermophobic and thermophilic behavior of magnetic fluids could berelated to changes in the intensity of the forces that keep the colloidal balance, by means of temperature.
 
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RE41931Alves.pdf (5.27 Mbytes)
Fecha de Publicación
2014-02-25
 
ADVERTENCIA: El material descrito abajo se refiere a los trabajos derivados de esta tesis o disertación. El contenido de estos documentos es responsabilidad del autor de la tesis o disertación.
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