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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.43.2021.tde-06042021-161546
Document
Author
Full name
Rafael Minatogau Ferro
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Mangiarotti, Alessio (President)
Chiari, Massimo
Dias, Johnny Ferraz
Jakubassa-amundsen, Doris
Vanin, Vito Roberto
Title in Portuguese
Estudo do espectro contínuo de raios-x induzido pela passagem de prótons de alguns MeV na matéria
Keywords in Portuguese
bremsstrahlung de prótons
Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater
ionização por impacto de prótons
PIXE
secondary electron bremsstrahlung
Abstract in Portuguese
A emissão de bremsstrahlung em colisões prótonátomo é estudada. No caso de prótons com energias da ordem de alguns MeV, cinco processos foram considerados: Nuclear Bremsstrahlung(NB), Quasi-Free Electron Bremsstrahlung (QFEB), Atomic Bremsstrahlung (AB), Radiative Ionization (RI) e Secondary Electron Bremsstrahlung (SEB). Os conceitos necessários para o desenvolvimento desses modelos são revisados e as expressões em uso atualmente são apresentadas. Para calcular os modelos de bremsstrahlung de prótons atuais e validar as mudanças propostas neste trabalho, um código em FORTRAN foi desenvolvido e testado de acordo com os resultados teóricos disponíveis nas referências. Em particular, uma expressão alternativa para a seção de choque duplamente diferencial (DDCS) da SEB é proposta neste trabalho. A DDCS de ionização por impacto do próton, presente nos cálculos das DDCSs da SEB e da AB+RI, é descrita em termos da Binary Encouter Approximation (BEA), sendo sensível ao modelo para a distribuição de velocidades (VD) dos elétrons orbitais no material alvo. Neste sentido, os cálculos das DDCSs de ionização, SEB e AB+RI são melhorados de duas formas: aplicando a VD hidrogenoide correspondente das subcamadas K, L e M; implementado as VDs numéricas obtidas através do método de DiracHartreeFockSlater (DHFS). Ademais, o método analítico PIXE é apresentado como o contexto experimental para o estudo de bremsstrahlung de prótons e os aspectos mais relevantes dessa técnica são revisados. Dois experimentos foram realizados no LAMFI, USP, para um alvo de ouro e energias do feixe de 2 e 3 MeV. Para que se possa comparar os modelos teóricos com os espectros PIXE, os efeitos de detecção são analisados e aplicados aos espectros de bremsstrahlung calculados. Por fim, os cálculos teóricos utilizando as VDs de DHFS e hidrogenoide são comparadas aos espectros experimentais e os resultados obtidos com o primeiro modelo apresentam melhor acordo com os dados experimentais.
Title in English
Investigation on the continuous X-ray spectrum induced by protons of some MeV in matter
Keywords in English
binary encounter approximation
Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Slater
PIXE
proton bremsstrahlung
proton-impact ionisation
secondary electron bremsstrahlung
Abstract in English
The bremsstrahlung emission in in protonatom collisions is studied. For proton energies of a few MeV, five processes are considered: Nuclear Bremsstrahlung (NB), Quasi-Free Electron Bremsstrahlung (QFEB), Atomic Bremsstrahlung (AB), Radiative Ionization (RI), and Secondary Electron Bremsstrahlung (SEB). The concepts involved in these models are reviewed and the expressions currently in use are presented. To evaluate the current models of proton bremsstrahlung and confront the changes proposed in this work, a FORTRAN code has been developed and tested according to the results available in the references. In particular, an alternative expression for the SEB doubly differential cross section (DDCS) is proposed in this work. The ionization DDCS by impact of the proton, which is present in the calculations of the SEB and the AB+RI DDCSs, is described in terms of the Binary Encounter Approximation (BEA), being sensitive to the model of the velocity distributions (VD) of the orbital electrons in the target material. In this sense, the calculations of the ionization, SEB, and AB+RI DDCSs are improved in two ways: applying the corresponding hydrogenic VD for the subshells K, L, and M; implementing the numerical VDs from the DiracHartreeFockSlater (DHFS) method. Additionally, the PIXE analytical method is presented as the experimental context for the study of proton bremsstrahlung theories, and the relevant aspects of the technique are reviewed. Two PIXE experiments have been performed at LAMFI, USP, for a gold target and proton energies of 2 and 3 MeV. In order to compare the theoretical models with the PIXE spectra, the detection effects are analyzed and applied to the calculated spectra. Finally, the theoretical calculations with the DHFS and the hydrogenic VDs are compared to the experimental spectra, and the results obtained with the former model are show to be in better agreement with the data.
 
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FerroRafaelDO.pdf (4.95 Mbytes)
Publishing Date
2021-04-06
 
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