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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2023.tde-14122023-115509
Document
Author
Full name
Jorge Luiz Dallazen
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Costa, Soraia Kátia Pereira (President)
Oliveira, Sara Marchesan de
Rodrigues, Stephen Fernandes de Paula
Zambelli, Vanessa Olzon
Title in Portuguese
Investigação do potencial farmacológico do híbrido anti-inflamatório não esteroide doador de sulfeto de hidrogênio, ATB-352, no tratamento da dor aguda pós-operatória.
Keywords in Portuguese
Analgesia
Docagem molecular
Gastroproteção
Sistema endocanabinoide
Sulfeto de hidrogênio
Abstract in Portuguese
Estima-se que 80% dos pacientes submetidos à procedimentos cirúrgicos reportam dor pós-operatória. Anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs), como o cetoprofeno (CETO), apresentam eficácia analgésica na dor pós-operatória e reduzem o emprego de opioides, mas causam sérios efeitos adversos, incluindo lesões à mucosa gastrointestinal. AINEs acoplados a porções doadores de H2S, um novo transmissor endógeno, apresentam efeitos citoprotetores; entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a eficácia dessas moléculas na dor pós-operatória e os mecanismos envolvidos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) avaliar a relevância do H2S endógeno no modelo experimental de dor pós-operatória (cirurgia de incisão plantar, CIP) em camundongos BALB/c machos; 2) avaliar comparativamente a eficácia analgésica, antioxidante e anti-inflamatória de doses equimolares do AINE referência (CETO), e do seu híbrido AINE doador de H2S (ATB-352) no modelo CIP; 3) averiguar a participação do sistema endocanabinoide nas ações analgésicas do CETO e ATB-352; 4) avaliar o dano gástrico e as alterações na atividade locomotora e exploratória dos animais frente ao CETO e ATB-352. A realização da CIP induziu alodinia mecânica e hiperalgesia térmica ao calor de forma prolongada ( 5 dias), efeitos estes associados com a menor geração de H2S e alteração na expressão proteica das enzimas envolvidas na sua síntese (cistationina g-liase e cistationina b-sintase) na pata operada. A inibição seletiva da CSE ou dual da CSE/CBS exacerbou, de forma tempo-dependente (7 10 dias), os parâmetros nociceptivos. O tratamento oral com ATB-352 (4,6, 15 e 46 mg/Kg) promoveu eficácia analgésica superior ao CETO (3, 10 e 30 mg/Kg) e, ambos, reduziram a liberação de interleucina-1b e elevaram a atividade da superóxido dismutase. Entretanto, somente o ATB-352 reduziu a expressão da 3-nitrotirosina. O bloqueio farmacológico dos receptores canabinoides 1 (CB1) e 2 (CB2) não influenciou na analgesia promovida pelo CETO, mas o antagonismo CB1 reverteu o efeito antialodínico e anti-hiperalgésico ao calor promovido pelo ATB-352, e o antagonismo CB2 reverteu apenas o efeito antialodínico. Enquanto o tratamento com o ATB-352 não induziu lesões gástricas e aumentou os níveis de muco gástrico, o qual foi revertido pelo antagonista CB1, dose equimolar do CETO promoveu dano gástrico, sendo potencializado pelo antagonismo CB1. CETO e ATB-352 não alteraram o comportamento exploratório/locomoção espontânea dos animais. Concluise que o tratamento com o ATB-352 promove eficácia analgésica superior ao CETO, bem como ação antioxidante e segurança gástrica, via mecanismo dependente do aumento nas concentrações centrais e periféricas do endocanabinoide anandamida, resultante da inibição irreversível da sua enzima de degradação, amida hidrolase de ácidos graxos (FAAH), conforme avaliado por ensaios de ELISA e docagem molecular, respectivamente.
Title in English
Investigation of the pharmacological potential of the hybrid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory hydrogen sulfide donor, ATB-352, in the treatment of acute postoperative pain.
Keywords in English
Analgesia
Endocannabinoid system
Gastroprotection
Hydrogen sulfide
Molecular docking
Abstract in English
It is estimated that 80% of patients undergoing surgical procedures report postoperative pain. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ketoprofen (KETO), have analgesic efficacy in postoperative pain and reduce the consumption of opioids, but cause serious adverse effects, including damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. NSAIDs coupled to H2S donor moieties, a novel endogenous transmitter, have cytoprotective effects; however, there is limited understanding of the effectiveness of these compounds on postoperative pain and the mechanisms involved. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the relevance of endogenous H2S in the experimental model of postoperative pain (plantar incision surgery, PIS) in male BALB/c mice; 2) to comparatively evaluate the analgesic, antioxidant and antiinflammatory efficacy of equimolar doses of the reference NSAID (KETO) and its H2S donor NSAID hybrid (ATB-352), in the PIS model; 3) to investigate the participation of the endocannabinoid system in the analgesic effects of KETO and ATB-352; 4) to evaluate the gastric damage and alterations in the locomotor and exploratory activity of the animals treated with KETO and ATB-352. PIS procedure induced long-lasting mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia to heat ( 5 days), effects associated with lower generation of H2S, and alteration in the protein expression of the enzymes involved in its synthesis (cystathionine g-lyase and cystathionine b -synthase) in the operated paw. Selective or dual CSE/CBS inhibition time-dependently (7 10 days) exacerbated nociceptive parameters. Oral treatment with ATB-352 (4.6, 15 and 46 mg/Kg) promoted analgesic efficacy superior to KETO (3, 10 and 30 mg/Kg), and both reduced the release of interleukin-1b and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. However, only ATB-352 reduced 3-nitrotyrosine expression. Pharmacological blockade of cannabinoid receptors 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) did not influence the analgesia promoted by KETO, but CB1 antagonism reversed the antiallodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effect to heat promoted by ATB-352, and CB2 antagonism reversed only the anti-allodynic effect. While treatment with ATB-352 did not induce gastric lesions and increased gastric mucus levels, which was reversed by the CB1 antagonist, an equimolar dose of KETO promoted gastric damage, being potentiated by CB1 antagonism. KETO and ATB-352 did not alter the exploratory behavior/spontaneous locomotion of the animals. We conclude that the treatment with ATB-352 promotes analgesic efficacy superior to KETO, as well as antioxidant action and gastric safety, via a mechanism dependent on the increase in central and peripheral concentrations of the endocannabinoid anandamide, resulting from the irreversible inhibition of its degradation enzyme, amide fatty acid hydrolase (FAAH), as assessed by ELISA assays and molecular docking, respectively.
 
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Release Date
2025-12-13
Publishing Date
2023-12-15
 
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