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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2020.tde-12022020-154741
Document
Author
Full name
Suély Vieira da Silva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Freitas, Vanessa Morais (President)
Debbio, Carolina Beltrame Del
Fiore, Ana Paula Zen Petisco
Pinhal, Maria Aparecida da Silva
Title in Portuguese
Papel de ADAMTS-1 nuclear em células normais e tumorais.
Keywords in Portuguese
ADAMTS-1
Câncer de mama
Endocitose
Matriz extracelular
Núcleo
Proteólise
Abstract in Portuguese
A tumorigênese é um processo complexo e dinâmico, que conta com a participação de moléculas presentes na matriz extracelular para progressão. Assim, metaloproteases presentes no estroma tumoral contribuem para a invasão tumoral, pois atuam degradando a matriz extracelular e aumentando o potencial maligno das células. As ADAMTSs (uma desintegrina e metaloprotease com domínios trombospondina) são proteases secretadas pelas células na matriz extracelular, que possuem atividade proteolítica sobre os componentes que fazem parte da matriz extracelular, remodelando-a. São proteases conhecidamente extracelulares presentes na matriz, porém nós identificamos um dos membros dessa família de ADAMTSs, a ADAMTS-1 presente predominantemente no núcleo das células mamárias com diferentes graus de diferenciação. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar se essa seria a única protease dessa família localizada no núcleo e qual seria a função dessa protease nuclear (se ela teria função enzimática). Além disso, tentamos entender como ela atinge o núcleo das células, analisando o papel do citoesqueleto neste transporte, além de avaliarmos se ADAMTS-1 seria endocitada após secretada, ou se ela atingiria o núcleo através do transporte núcleo citoplasmático descrito na literatura. Nossos resultados evidenciam que ADAMTS-1 é a única agrecanase presente no núcleo das células, e que ao ser silenciada, a protease apresentou menor expressão proteica neste compartimento, assim como no citoplasma e meio condicionado. A expressão nuclear de ADAMTS-1 não é observada em todas as linhagens celulares, e observamos que células com origem e fenótipo epitelial apresentam a protease nuclear, enquanto que células com origem mesenquimal (como o fibroblasto) apresentam a protease no compartimento citoplasmático. Através de um ensaio de digestão do agrecam, observamos que assim como ocorre na matriz extracelular, ADAMTS-1 nuclear apresenta também atividade enzimática, fato observado pela presença de produtos da 20 degradação do agrecam gerados pela presença da protease na fração nuclear das células que apresentam ADAMTS-1 neste compartimento. Observamos que o tratamento com monensina implicou na não secreção de ADAMTS-1, e no acúmulo da protease no compartimento citoplasmático. Células de origem mesenquimal após serem mantidas em meio contendo a protease solúvel apresentam ADAMTS-1 nuclear. Com isso, estabelecemos um possível papel de ADAMTS-1 nuclear, com função proteolítica ativa, visto que foi a única agrecanase caracterizada no compartimento nuclear. Temos também que a compartimentalização da protease pode ser alterada se as vias de secreção forem perturbadas. Utilizando o meio secretado por células que apresentam ADAMTS-1 nuclear, vimos que as células HT-1080 e os fibroblastos (que não apresentam a protease nuclear) internalizaram a protease, e que a localização de ADAMTS-1 foi vista no compartimento nuclear. Utilizando o mesmo meio condicionado, vimos que quanto maior a disponibilidade de ADAMTS-1 no meio extracelular, menor é o potencial migratório das células de origem mesenquimal. Com isso temos que ADAMTS-1 é uma molécula secretada pelas células para a matriz extracelular, que apresenta a particularidade de ser endocitada após ser secretada e sua localização torna-se nuclear. ADAMTS-1 tem localização nuclear em células de origem epitelial, ao contrário do que se observa em células de origem mesenquimal. ADAMTS-1 nuclear pode representar uma importante molécula do microambiente tumoral, visto que apresenta atividade proteolítica funcional neste compartimento.
Title in English
Role of ADAMTS-1 in the nuclei of normal and tumoral cells.
Keywords in English
ADAMTS-1
Breast cancer
Extracellular matrix
Nucleus, Endocytosis
Proteolysis
Abstract in English
Tumorigenesis is a complex and dynamic process with participation of molecules present in the extracellular matrix for progression. Thus, metalloproteases present in the tumor stroma contribute to tumor invasion, because they act degrading the extracellular matrix structures and increase the malignant potential of cells. ADAMTSs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin domains) are secreted proteases to the extracellular matrix, which have proteolytic activity on the extracellular matrix components remodeling it. They are known to be extracellular proteases present in the matrix, but we identified one of the members of this family of ADAMTSs, ADAMTS-1, present predominantly in the nucleus of mammary cells with different degrees of differentiation. Thus, the objective of this study was to analyze if ADAMTS-1 would be the only protease of this family located in the nucleus, and what would be the function of this nuclear protease (if it would have enzymatic function). In addition, we attempted to understand how it reaches the nucleus of the cells by analyzing the role of the cytoskeleton in this transport, in addition to assessing whether ADAMTS-1 would be internalized after secreted, or whether it would reach the nucleus through the nucleocytoplasmic transport as described in the literature. Our results demonstrated that ADAMTS-1 is the only aggrecanase present in the nucleus of cells, and when it was silenced, had lower protein expression in this compartment, as well as in the cytoplasm and conditioned medium. ADAMTS-1 nuclear was not observed in all cell lines. We observed that cells with epithelial phenotype exhibit nuclear protease, whereas cells with mesenchymal origin (such as fibroblasts) presented the protease in the cytoplasmic compartment. In an assay of digestion of aggrecan we observed as well as in the extracellular matrix, nuclear ADAMTS-1 also presented enzymatic activity, event observed by the presence of aggrecan fragments generated by proteases in the nuclear fraction of cells. We observed the treatment with monensin impaired the secretion of ADAMTS-1, and accumulation of this 22 protease at the cytoplasmic compartment. Cells of mesenchymal origin after being maintained under medium containing the soluble protease, presented nuclear compartmentalization. Thus, we established a possible role of nuclear ADAMTS-1, with active proteolytic function, since it was the only aggrecanase characterized in the nuclear compartment. We also observed the compartmentalization of protease could be altered if the secretory pathways are disturbed. Using the media secreted by cells with nuclear ADAMTS-1, we have seen that HT-1080 cells and fibroblasts (which do not present nuclear protease) was able to internalize the protease, and the localization of ADAMTS-1 was seen at nuclear compartment. Using the same conditioned medium, we observed which a higher availability of ADAMTS-1 in the extracellular environment decreased the migratory potential of cells with mesenchymal phenotype. We have that ADAMTS-1 is a molecule secreted by cells into the extracellular matrix, which presents the particularity of being endocytosed after being secreted, and its location becomes nuclear. ADAMTS-1 has nuclear localization in cells of epithelial origin, contrary to what is observed in cells of mesenchymal origin. Nuclear ADAMTS-1 may represent an important molecule of the tumor microenvironment, since it has functional proteolytic activity in this compartment.
 
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Publishing Date
2020-02-18
 
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