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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2019.tde-30042019-093010
Document
Author
Full name
Kely Catarine Matteucci
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2018
Supervisor
Committee
Bortoluci, Karina Ramalho (President)
Marinho, Claudio Romero Farias
Mortara, Renato Arruda
Pereira, Gustavo José da Silva
Pontillo, Alessandra
Title in Portuguese
Papel de NLRP3 no controle da autofagia durante a infecção pelo Trypanosoma cruzi
Keywords in Portuguese
T. cruzi
Autofagia
Inflamassoma
Macrófagos
NLRP3
Abstract in Portuguese
Autofagia e ativação dos inflamassomas são dois processos celulares autônomos, que podem interagir entre si. Estes processos participam ativamente do controle de infecções ocasionadas por diversos patógenos intracelulares. Anteriormente, descrevemos o inflamassoma NLRP3 no controle do T. cruzi, agente causador da Doença de Chagas. Entretanto, o papel da autofagia nesse controle não era conhecido. Neste trabalho, foi demonstrado que o T. cruzi induz aumento da expressão de LC3-II, formação de autofagossomas e autolisossomos em macrófagos peritoneais (MPs) de camundongos C57BL/6 selvagens. Ainda, a manipulação farmacológica da autofagia interferiu com a capacidade dos MPs em controlar a infecção pelo T. cruzi, apontando esse processo como um mecanismo efetor envolvido no controle do protozoário por macrófagos. Nesse contexto, NLRP3 parece funcionar como um modulador do processo autofágico. Na ausência de NLRP3, a manipulação farmacológica da autofagia não interferiu no controle do T. cruzi por MPs. Isso se correlacionou ao fato do fluxo autofágico se encontrar interrompido em MPs de camundongos deficientes para NLRP3 em resposta à infecção, mas não em resposta à rapamicina e starvation. A razão do bloqueio no fluxo autofágico parece ser a incapacidade de MPs deficientes em NLRP3 em formar autolisossomos, fato visualizado em microscopia confocal e eletrônica. Interessante, NLRP3 parece agir independente de caspase-1/11 na regulação da autofagia. Por outro lado, a análise da expressão de genes autofágicos por PCR-array revelou que MPs de animais deficientes em NLRP3 apresentam alta expressão basal de genes relacionados com a formação e maturação de autofagossomas e autolisossomas. Em contrapartida, a infecção pelo T. cruzi inibe a expressão desses genes na ausência de NLRP3, ao contrário da indução observada em MPs selvagens. Juntos, esses dados mostram que NLRP3 induz autofagia funcional em resposta ao T. cruzi, sendo sua presença fundamental para impedir o escape do parasita pela inibição de genes autofágicos.
Title in English
The role of NLRP3 in the control of autophagy during T. cruzi infection
Keywords in English
T cruzi Macrophages
Autophagy
Inflammasome
NLRP3
Abstract in English
Autophagy and inflammasome activation are two cell-autonomous and cross-regulated processes involved in host resistance against infections. Our group previously described that NLRP3 inflammasome is required for the control of T. cruzi, causative agent of Chagas disease. However, the involvement of autophagy in this process was largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that T. cruzi is able to induce an increase in LC3II expression, formation of autophagosome and autolysosomes in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) from C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the pharmacological modulation of autophagic machinery influenced the trypanocidal ability of PMs, pointing out autophagy as an effector mechanism to control T. cruzi infection. In this sense, NLRP3 seems to be involved in the modulation of the autophagic process. In the absence of NLRP3, the pharmacological modulation of autophagy did not interfere in the control of T. cruzi by PMs. Furthermore, autophagic flux is blocked in these cells in response to infection, but not in response to rapamycin and starvation. In fact, whereas T. cruzi induces the formation of large autolysosomes (LC3+ and Lysotracker+)-containing amastigotes in WT macrophages, only small and single positive vesicles are found in the absence of NLRP3. Interesting, NLRP3 appears to act independently of caspase-1/11 on the regulation of autophagy. On the other hand, the PCR-array analysis of autophagic genes demonstrated that NLRP3-/- PMs have higher basal expression of genes related to the formation and maturation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in comparison to WT cells. In contrast, T. cruzi inhibited the expression of these genes in the absence of NLRP3, unlike the induction observed in WT PMs. Together, these data show that NLRP3 induces functional autophagy in response to T. cruzi being its presence required to overcome the escape of the parasite by preventing its inhibition of autophagic genes.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-05-08
 
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