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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2021.tde-29042022-113104
Document
Author
Full name
Luísa Menezes Silva
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Fonseca, Denise Morais da (President)
Alves Filho, José Carlos Farias
Farias, Alessandro dos Santos
Júnior, José Donato
Title in Portuguese
Efeito da via colinérgica sobre alterações celulares e metabólicas no tecido adiposo
Keywords in Portuguese
acetilcolina
sistema imune
tecido adiposo
via colinérgica
Abstract in Portuguese
A compreensão dos mecanismos que sustentam a homeostase metabólica e imunológica nos diferentes compartimentos do tecido adiposo é essencial uma vez que estes tecidos contribuem ativamente para a origem de distúrbios metabólicos. O controle da inflamação pela via colinérgica é um dos mecanismos neuroimunes mais estudados atualmente. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a influência da acetilcolina na homeostase imunológica e metabólica do tecido adiposo. Nosso objetivo foi entender a comunicação entre os sistemas nervoso e imune no contexto de alterações celulares e metabólicas no tecido adiposo. Para isso, usamos camundongos transgênicos VAChtknockdown (KD), tratados farmacologicamente, ou vagotomizados (VgX) para caracterizar as células do sistema imunológico em diferentes compartimentos de tecido adiposo na deficiência de acetilcolina (ACh). Foi encontrado um enriquecimento significativo no infiltrado de células T efetoras e produção de citocinas, em particular aquelas relativas ao perfil de resposta Th2 nos animais com sinalização de ACh reduzida. Isso foi observado principalmente no tecido adiposo mesentérico (mesWAT), mas não no tecido adiposo subcutâneo, linfonodo mesentérico ou baço destes animais. Em seguida, para entender o impacto metabólico no tecido adiposo impulsionado pela via colinérgica, tratamos camundongos com uma dieta hiperlipídica (HFD) para a indução de obesidade e resistência à insulina. Camundongos com bloqueio da via colinérgica tratados com HFD apresentaram melhor performance metabólica em comparação aos controles, como ganho de peso reduzido, melhor resposta à insulina e menor acúmulo de gordura. Além disso, as populações celulares presentes no tecido adiposo mesentérico destes animais obesos com inibição da via colinérgica produziram mais citocinas do perfil Th2 em relação ao grupo controle na mesma dieta. Por fim, analisamos o papel da inervação colinérgica e produção de acetilcolina por células de diferentes tecidos. Verificamos que a densidade de fibras colinérgicas e células produtoras de acetilcolina é diferente entre os depósitos de tecido adiposo, sendo maior nos tecidos viscerais. De forma especial, as células linfoides inatas (ILCs) do mesWAT apresentaram grande densidade da enzima produtora de acetilcolina. Dessa forma, nossos dados sugerem que o sistema colinérgico é capaz de controlar o tônus imunológico dos compartimentos do tecido adiposo, principalmente o mesentérico, e pode estar envolvida no desenvolvimento de distúrbios metabólicos.
Title in English
Effect of the cholinergic pathway in cellular and metabolic changes in the adipose tissue
Keywords in English
acetylcholine
adipose tissue
cholinergic Pat
immune system
Abstract in English
Understand the mechanisms that support metabolic and immunological homeostasis in the different adipose tissue compartments is essential since these tissues actively contribute to the origin of metabolic disorders. Cholinergic inflammation control is one of the most studied neuroimmune mechanisms today. However, little is known about the influence of acetylcholine on the immune and metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue. Our goal is to understand the communication between the nervous and immune systems in the context of cellular and metabolic changes in adipose tissue. For this, we used VACht knockdown (KD) transgenic mice, pharmacologically treated or vagotomized (VgX) to characterize immune cells in the adipose tissue compartments in acetylcholine deficiency (ACh). Significant enrichment was found in the infiltrate of cells and cytokines related to the Th2 response profile in animals with reduced ACh signaling. This was observed mainly in the mesenteric adipose tissue (mesWAT), but not in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, mesenteric lymph node or spleen of these animals. Then, in order to understand the metabolic impact on adipose tissue driven by the cholinergic pathway, we treated mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity. HFD-treated mice with cholinergic pathway showed better metabolic performance compared to controls, such as reduced weight gain, better insulin response and less fat accumulation. In addition, the cell populations present in the mesenteric adipose tissue of these obese animals produce more cytokines of the Th2 profile compared to the control group on the same diet. Finally, we analyze the role of cholinergic innervation and production of acetylcholine by cells from different tissues. We have seen that the density of cholinergic fibers and cells that produce acetylcholine is different between adipose tissue deposits, being higher in visceral tissues. In particular, mesWAT innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have a high density of the acetylcholine-producing enzyme. Thus, our data suggest that the cholinergic system can control the immune tone of adipose tissue compartments, mainly visceral, and may be involved in the development of metabolic disorders.
 
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Release Date
2024-04-28
Publishing Date
2022-12-09
 
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