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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2022.tde-24082022-164251
Document
Author
Full name
Letícia Kogachi
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Bargieri, Bruna Cunha de Alencar (President)
Espreafico, Enilza Maria
Fonseca, Simone Gonçalves da
Machado Neto, João Agostinho
Title in Portuguese
Envolvimento de miosinas na infecção por HIV-1 de células mieloides
Keywords in Portuguese
Células mieloides
Citoesqueleto de actina
HIV-1
Miosinas
Abstract in Portuguese
O citoesqueleto é composto por 3 famílias de filamentos: actina, microtúbulos e filamentos intermediários, junto com suas proteínas acessórias e de regulação. Miosinas são uma superfamília de proteínas motoras responsáveis pelo movimento actina-dependente, e pouco se sabe sobre a função da grande maioria delas. O HIV é capaz de infectar diversos tipos de células do sistema imune, contanto que elas expressem seu receptor e um de seus correceptores. Foi demonstrado que para completar seu ciclo de infecção, o HIV-1 depende e modula o citoesqueleto em diversos momentos. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o papel de miosinas (principalmente as não-convencionais) na infecção de células mieloides pelo HIV. Neste trabalho, observamos a expressão de 9 tipos de miosina em U937, uma linhagem monocítica. Utilizando shRNA, silenciamos 6 das 9 miosinas até o momento, e as infectamos com um HIV pseudotipado com VSV-G. Quatro das miosinas, IC, IF, X e XVIIIA, não apresentaram efeito nos nossos ensaios. Já o silenciamento da miosina IG levou a um aumento na porcentagem de células infectadas, e a proteína colocalizou com o HIV-1 em imunofluorescências de macrófagos derivados de monócitos. O silenciamento da miosina IXB levou a um aumento significativo na fusão viral, na porcentagem de células infectadas e na quantidade de novas partículas virais liberadas. Nossos dados sugerem que mais de uma etapa da infecção, além da fusão viral, são afetadas pelo silenciamento da MyoIXB. O silenciamento dessa miosina levou a alterações no citoesqueleto de actina da célula e no estado de ativação da via da Rho GTPase. O silenciamento da MyoIXB em outros tipos celulares induziu um aumento discreto na percentagem de células infectadas. Até o momento, o nosso trabalho parece indicar uma possível função protetora das miosinas IG e IXB contra a infecção pelo HIV-1.
Title in English
Myosin involvement in HIV-1 infection of myeloid
Keywords in English
Actin cytoskeleton
HIV-1
Myeloid cells
Myosins
Abstract in English
The cytoskeleton is made up of 3 filament families: actin, microtubules and intermediate filaments, as well as their accessory and regulatory proteins. Myosins are a superfamily of motor proteins, responsible for actin-dependent movement and little is known about the role of most of them. HIV is able to infect several types of the immune system cells, as long as they express its receptor and one of its coreceptors. It was shown that in order to complete its infection cycle, HIV-1 relies on and modulates the cytoskeleton at several steps. However, the role of myosins (particularly unconventional ones) in HIV infection of myeloid cells is underinvestigated. In this thesis we have reported the expression of 9 myosins in U937, a monocytic cell line. Using sh RNA, we have silenced 6 out of the 9 myosins so far and we have infected with an HIV pseudotyped with VSV-G. Four of them, myosins IC, IF, X and XVIIIA, did not have any effect on our assays. Silencing of myosin IG, on the other hand, lead to an increase in the percentage of infected cells, and the protein colocalized with HIV-1 in immunofluorescence images of monocyte derived macrophages. Silencing of myosin IXB lead to a significant increase in virus fusion, in the percentage of infected cells and in the release of newly produced virus particles. Our data suggests that more than one step of the infection, besides fusion, are affected by myosin IXB silencing. Myosin IXB knockdown has resulted in alterations in the actin cytoskeleton and the activation status of the Rho GTPase pathway. When silenced, other cell types had a discreet increase in the percentage of infected cells. So far, our work seems to indicate that myosins IG and IXB may have a protective role against HIV-1 infection.
 
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Release Date
2024-08-23
Publishing Date
2022-12-09
 
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