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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2019.tde-13122019-173816
Document
Author
Full name
Dhemerson Souza de Lima
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2019
Supervisor
Committee
Pontillo, Alessandra (President)
Bonato, Vania Luiza Deperon
Bortoluci, Karina Ramalho
Souza, Paula Carolina de
Title in Portuguese
Caracterização genética e funcional do inflamassoma na resposta à micobactéria e no desenvolvimento de diferentes formas clínicas de tuberculose pulmonar
Keywords in Portuguese
IL-1β
IL-18
inflamassoma
NLRC4
NLRP3
Tuberculose
Abstract in Portuguese
O estado de saúde do indivíduo, assim como fatores genéticos, tanto do hospedeiro que do patógeno, contribuem para a resistencia a M.tuberculosis (Mtb), e também para o estabelecimento de tuberculose (TB) ativa (5-10%) ou latente (>95%). A resposta imune inata foi apontada como uma etapa essencial para determinar o resultado da infecção. As citocinas inflamatórias IL-1ß e IL-18 e o complexo inflamassoma, responsável pela produção delas, foram mostrados indispensáveis pela contenção da replicação bacteriana, pelo menos em modelos experimentais de TB. A hipótese desse trabalho é que a genética do inflamassoma possa afetar a resposta a Mtb, e desta forma explicar, pelo menos em parte, a variabilidade individual no desenvolvimento de TB em seres humanos. Portanto executamos um estudo de associação genética numa coorte caso/controle de TB, e em seguida, uma análise da ativação do inflamassoma em macrófagos humanos primários desafiados com cepas diferentes de Mtb (BCG, H37Rv, Beijing-1471, MP-287/03). Uma variante ganho-de-função no gene do receptor do inflamassoma NLRP3 (rs10754558 C>G) resultou como fator de proteção contra o desenvolvimento de TB ativa. De acordo, macrófagos de indivíduos carregadores dessa variante controlam melhor a replicação do Mtb produzindo mais IL-1ß. Por outro lado, indivíduos com TB ativa apresentam defeito do NLRP3 inflamassoma possivelmente relacionado com elevados níveis de IFN- característicos desses pacientes. Em seguida demonstramos que 2 variantes (NLRC4 rs473999 C>G, IL18 rs1834481 A>G) estão associadas a diminuição da produção de IL-18 sendo fatores de risco para formas graves de TB. Por fim, grau de virulência e genética do Mtb afetam a entidade (nível) de ativação do inflamassoma e também o tipo de receptor e citocinas envolvidos na resposta. Em conclusão, o inflamassoma apresenta um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da TB, e os eixos NLRP3/IL-1ß e NLRC4/IL-18 medeiam respostas distintas na interação Mtb/hospedeiro. Desta forma polimorfismos nesses genes contribuem pela heterogeneidade observada na resposta ao Mtb.
Title in English
Genetic and functional characterization of inflammasome in response to mycobacterium and development of different clinical forms of pulmonary tuberculosis
Keywords in English
IL-1ß
IL-18
inflammasome
NLRC4
NLRP3
Tuberculosis
Abstract in English
The health status of the individual, as well as genetic factors, both of the host and of the pathogen, contribute to resistance to M. tuberculosis (Mtb), and also to the establishment of active (5-10%) or latent TB (> 95%). The innate immune response was identified as an essential step in determining the outcome of the infection. The inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-18 and the inflammatory complex responsible for their production have been shown to be indispensable for the containment of bacterial replication, at least in experimental models of TB. The hypothesis of this work is that the genetics of the inflammasome can affect the response to Mtb, and thus to explain, at least in part, the individual variability in the development of TB in humans. Therefore we performed a genetic association study on a TB case/control cohort, and then an analysis of the activation of inflammasome in primary human macrophages challenged with different strains of Mtb (BCG, H37Rv, Beijing-1471, MP-287/03). A gain-of-function variant in the NLRP3 inflammatory receptor gene (rs10754558 C> G) resulted in a protective factor against the development of active TB. Accordingly, macrophages from carrying individuals of this variant better control the replication of Mtb producing more IL-1ß. On the other hand, individuals with active TB present defect of the inflammatory NRP3 possibly related to high levels of IFN- characteristic of these patients. We then show that 2 variants (NLRC4 rs473999 C> G, IL18 rs1834481 A> G) are associated with decreased IL-18 production being risk factors for severe forms of TB. Finally, the degree of virulence and genetics of Mtb affect the entity (level) of inflammation activation and also the type of receptor and cytokines involved in the response. In conclusion, inflammasome plays a key role in the development of TB, and the NLRP3 / IL-1ß and NLRC4 / IL-18 axes mediate distinct responses in the Mtb / host interaction. Thus polymorphisms in these genes contribute to the heterogeneity observed in the response to Mtb.
 
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Publishing Date
2019-12-16
 
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