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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2022.tde-06052022-144545
Document
Author
Full name
Thaís Akemi Amamura
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Isaac, Lourdes (President)
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva
Portaro, Fernanda Calheta Vieira
Wunder Junior, Elsio Augusto
Title in Portuguese
Atividade proteolítica de proteases secretadas por leptospiras patogênicas na fagocitose por macrófagos humanos e murinos
Keywords in Portuguese
Evasão imune
Leptospira
Protease
Sistema Complemento
Abstract in Portuguese
A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por bactérias espiroquetas que pertencem ao gênero Leptospira. Muito frequente em áreas tropicais e subtropicais, a doença representa um grave problema de saúde pública. Leptospiras patogênicas possuem a habilidade de escapar do Sistema Complemento, sendo capazes de sobreviver in vitro quando em contato com soro humano normal (SHN). Em um estudo anterior realizado por nosso grupo, observou-se que o sobrenadante de cultura de várias espécies de leptospiras patogênicas (SLP) contem proteases que clivam várias proteínas do Complemento como a molécula central C3, assim como seus fragmentos, C3b e iC3b. Nossa hipótese de trabalho é que tais proteases, incluindo termolisina e papalisina, poderiam diminuir a internalização e morte de leptospiras por fagócitos. Empregando citometria de fluxo, nós observamos menor presença de LFA-1, CR3 e CR4 em macrófagos peritoneais murinos tratados por 24 h com SLP. Por microscopia confocal, observou-se menor presença de TLR2, CD11b e CD206 quando essas células foram tratadas com SLP por 24 h. Macrófagos da linhagem humana THP-1, após tratamento com SLP e termolisina, apresentam menor presença de TLR2, TLR4, CD206 e CR1em sua superfície. Além disso, opsoninas como C3b/iC3b depositadas na superfície de leptospiras patogênicas também podem ser completamente degradadas na presença de SLP ou termolisina recombinante. E por fim, a fagocitose de leptospiras patogênicas por THP-1 diminuiu significativamente, quando essas células foram tratadas com SLP, termolisina e papalisina recombinantes e comparadas com células tratadas apenas com PBS. Desta forma, os resultados obtidos neste estudo sugerem que proteases secretadas por leptospiras patogênicas poderiam ser capazes de interferir no seu reconhecimento e na sua internalização pelos macrófagos murinos ou humanos, por meio da degradação de opsoninas presentes no soro humano normal ou depositadas na membrana da bactéria bem como na clivagem ou inibição de moléculas de superfície de macrófagos favorecendo assim a disseminação de leptospiras no organismo.
Title in English
Proteolytic Activity of Secreted Proteases from Pathogenic Leptospira on Phagocytosis by Murine and Human Macrophages
Keywords in English
Complement System
Immune Evasion
Leptospira
Protease
Abstract in English
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by spirochete bacteria that belong to the genus Leptospira. This disease represents a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries with tropical and sub-tropical temperatures. Pathogenic leptospires escape from the Complement System, being able to survive in vitro when in contact with normal human serum (NHS). In a previous study carried out by our group, it was observed that culture supernatants from several pathogenic species of leptospires (SPL) contain proteases that cleave many Complement proteins, such as, the central molecule C3, as well as its fragments C3b and iC3b. Our hypothesis is that such proteases, including thermolysin and pappalysin, could decrease the uptake and death of leptospires by phagocytes. Using flow cytometry, we observed lower presence of LFA-1, CR3 and CR4 in murine peritoneal macrophages treated with SPL for 24 h. By confocal microscopy, we observed less presence of TLR2, CD11b and CD206 when these cells were treated with SPL for 24 h. Human macrophages (THP-1) showed lower presence of TLR2, TLR4, CD206 and CR1 on their surface, after treatment with SPL and thermolysin. Furthermore, opsonins such as C3b/iC3b deposited on the surface of pathogenic leptospires can also be completely degraded in the presence of SPL or recombinant thermolysin. Finally, the phagocytosis of pathogenic leptospires by THP-1 significantly decreased when these cells were treated with recombinant SPL, thermolysin or pappalysin compared with cells treated only with PBS. Thus, this study suggests that proteases secreted by pathogenic leptospires could interfere with their own recognition and internalization by murine or human macrophages, by degrading opsonins present in NHS or deposited in the bacterial membrane as well as in the cleavage or inhibition of macrophage surface molecules, thus favoring the spread of leptospires in the organism.
 
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Release Date
2024-05-05
Publishing Date
2022-12-08
 
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