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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2023.tde-05102023-153357
Document
Author
Full name
Leticia Gama e Silva Calixtro
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Fonseca, Denise Morais da (President)
Cardoso, Cristina Ribeiro de Barros
Lepique, Ana Paula
Maioli, Tatiani Uceli
Title in Portuguese
Efeito de episódio de infecção gastrointestinal aguda sobre a patogênese e progressão do diabetes mellitus tipo 1
Keywords in Portuguese
Diabetes tipo 1
Infecção gastrointestinal
Metabolismo.
Microbiota intestinal
Abstract in Portuguese
O trato gastrointestinal abriga uma ampla variedade de microorganismos comensais que participam ativamente de diversos processos fisiológicos e imunológicos do hospedeiro, incluindo a modulação do metabolismo. Além da microbiota, a mucosa intestinal está constantemente exposta a diversos antígenos ambientais provenientes da dieta, microbiota e patógenos, de maneira que é necessário um sistema imunológico altamente especializado, que permita ao hospedeiro tolerar os antígenos inócuos, mas também elaborar respostas contra potenciais patógenos. Este equilíbrio entre sistema imunológico e o ambiente, que sustenta também a composição da microbiota, é essencial para a manutenção da homeostase no tecido intestinal e perturbações neste equilíbrio são comumente observadas em pacientes com doenças autoimunes, como por exemplo o diabetes mellitus do tipo 1 (DM1). Assim, o objetivo deste projeto foi investigar o impacto de um episódio de infecção aguda por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis no desenvolvimento do DM1, com a hipótese de que o mesmo impactaria de forma negativa sob a patogênese e progressão da doença. Para isso, foi utilizado modelo animal de DM1 induzido por múltiplas doses de estreptozotocina (MLD-STZ) e camundongos non-obese-diabetic (NOD), que desenvolvem diabetes espontaneamente. No modelo MLD-STZ a infecção não apresentou nenhum impacto significativo sobre a patogênese e progressão do DM1. Entretanto, no modelo NOD, os camundongos previamente infectados apresentaram uma menor incidência de DM1, escore de insulite reduzido nas ilhotas pancreáticas e melhoras no controle metabólico. Além disso, somente o transplante de microbiota fecal de camundongos C57BL/6 previamente infectados para camundongos NOD foi capaz de reproduzir estes efeitos protetores observados, indicando que alterações na microbiota causadas pela infecção estão envolvidas na proteção contra o DM1.
Title in English
Effect of an episode of acute gastrointestinal infection on the pathogenesis and progression of type 1 diabetes mellitus
Keywords in English
Gastrointestinal infection
Gut microbiota
Metabolism
Type 1 Diabetes
Abstract in English
The gastrointestinal tract harbors a wide variety of commensal microorganisms that actively participate in several physiological and immunological processes of the host, including the modulation of the metabolism. In addition to the microbiota, the intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to several environmental antigens deriving from the diet, commensal microorganisms and pathogens, so a highly specialized immune system is needed, which allows the host to tolerate innocuous antigens, but also to elaborate responses against potential pathogens. This balance between the immune system and the environment, which also supports the composition of the microbiota, is essential for maintaining homeostasis in the intestinal tissue, and disturbances in this balance are commonly observed in patients with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Thus, the objective of this project was to investigate the impact of an episode of acute infection by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis on the development of DM1, with the hypothesis that it would negatively impact the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. For this, an animal model of T1D induced by multiple low-doses of streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) and non-obese-diabetic (NOD) mice, which spontaneously develop diabetes, were used. In the MLD-STZ model, the infection did not have any significant impact on the pathogenesis and progression of DM1. However, in the NOD model, previously infected mice had a lower incidence of DM1, reduced pancreatic insulitis score, and improvements in metabolic control. Furthermore, only the transplantation of fecal microbiota from previously infected C57BL/6 mice to NOD mice was able to reproduce these observed protective effects, indicating that alterations in the microbiota caused by the infection are involved in protection against DM1.
 
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Release Date
2025-10-04
Publishing Date
2023-10-09
 
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