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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2021.tde-05052022-162209
Document
Author
Full name
Tábata Takahashi França
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Condino Neto, Antonio (President)
Câmara, Niels Olsen Saraiva
Lago, Carolina Sanchez Aranda
Patente, Thiago Andrade
Title in Portuguese
Genótipo e fenótipo de pacientes latino-americanos com deficiência de CD40L e novos mecanismos imunopatológicos associados à doença
Keywords in Portuguese
CD40 ligante
Deficiência de CD40L
Desenvolvimento celular
Granulopoiese
Neutrófilo
Tráfego celular
Abstract in Portuguese
Pacientes com deficiência de CD40L apresentam manifestações clínicas graves e heterogêneas, além de maior suscetibilidade a infecções de repetição causadas por diferentes classes de microrganismos, que se apresentam já nos primeiros anos de vida e contribuem de maneira significativa para a mortalidade desses indivíduos. Uma das características clínicas mais marcantes da deficiência de CD40L é a neutropenia, manifestação hematológica que afeta aproximadamente 70% dos indivíduos com a doença. Os neutrófilos são a primeira linha de defesa contra patógenos, mediando reações inflamatórias e participando do controle de infecções. Essas células são produzidas na medula óssea em um processo denominado granulopoiese, no qual as células progenitoras se diferenciam sequencialmente até atingirem o estágio final de neutrófilos maduros. Nosso grupo demostrou anteriormente que, além de apresentar alterações no número de neutrófilos, pacientes com deficiência de CD40L apresentam neutrófilos circulantes com respostas efetoras prejudicadas, sugerindo falhas no desenvolvimento celular. Assim, o presente trabalho teve duas linhas principais de estudo: a caracterização clínica, laboratorial e genética de pacientes latino-americanos deficientes de CD40L e a investigação dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos no desenvolvimento e tráfego de neutrófilos na deficiência de CD40L. Para tanto, analisamos dados retrospectivos de 50 pacientes latino-americanos afetados pela síndrome e investigamos o efeito da deficiência de CD40L no desenvolvimento e tráfego de neutrófilos por meio de avaliações funcionais e análise do transcriptoma de neutrófilos de pacientes com deficiência de CD40L e camundongos nocaute para o gene Cd40lg (camundongos CD40L-/-) Clinicamente, caracterizamos a maior coorte de pacientes latino-americanos com deficiência de CD40L, descrevemos seis novas variantes no CD40LG e apresentamos o maior número de patógenos já relatado em uma única coorte de pacientes com deficiência de CD40L. Os resultados experimentais revelaram que os neutrófilos de pacientes com deficiência de CD40L apresentaram defeitos na migração in vitro, mecanismo imunopatológico até então não descrito na síndrome. Além disso, camundongos CD40L-/- apresentaram desregulação na geração de neutrófilos na medula óssea e redução no número celular em órgãos periféricos. Corroborando esses resultados, a análise do transcriptoma de neutrófilos de camundongos CD40L-/- e pacientes com deficiência de CD40L aponta para desregulação na granulopoiese e tráfego celular. Juntos, os resultados obtidos apontam para defeitos na geração e distribuição dos neutrófilos na ausência de CD40L. A caracterização clínica e a elucidação dos mecanismos envolvidos na deficiência de CD40L contribuem para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos imunopatológicos associados à doença e permite o avanço no conhecimento sobre o papel do CD40L no desenvolvimento celular e na resposta imune.
Title in English
Genotype and phenotype of Latin American patients with CD40L deficiency and new immunopathological mechanisms associated with the disease
Keywords in English
CD40 ligand
CD40L deficiency
Cell development
Cell traffic
Granulopoiesis
Neutrophil
Abstract in English
Patients with CD40L deficiency present severe and heterogeneous clinical manifestations and increased susceptibility to recurrent infections caused by different classes of microorganisms, which begin in the first years of life and significantly contribute to the mortality of these patients. One of the main clinical features of CD40L-deficient patients is neutropenia, a hematologic manifestation that affects approximately 70% of individuals with the disease. Neutrophils are the first line of defense against pathogens, mediating inflammatory reactions and participating in infection control. These cells are produced in the bone marrow in a process called granulopoiesis, in which the progenitor cells sequentially differentiate until they reach the final stage of mature neutrophils. Our group has previously shown that, in addition to presenting changes in neutrophils' number, patients with CD40L deficiency have circulating neutrophils with impaired effector responses, suggesting failures in cell development. Thus, the present work had two main lines of study: the clinical, laboratory, and genetic characterization of Latin-American patients with CD40L deficiency and the investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and trafficking of neutrophils in the CD40L deficiency. We retrospectively analyzed data from 50 Latin-American patients affected by the syndrome and investigated the effect of CD40L deficiency on the development and trafficking of neutrophils through functional experiments and transcriptome analysis of neutrophils from patients with CD40L deficiency and knockout mice for Cd40lg (CD40L-/- mice). Clinically, we characterized the largest cohort of Latin American patients with CD40L deficiency, described six new variants in CD40LG, and presented the largest number of pathogens reported so far in a single cohort of CD40L-deficient patients. Experimentally, we revealed that neutrophils from patients with CD40L deficiency showed in vitro migration defects, an immunopathological mechanism not previously described in the syndrome. Furthermore, CD40L-/- mice showed dysregulation in the generation of neutrophils in the bone marrow and reduced cell number in peripheral organs. Corroborating these results, the transcriptome analysis of CD40L-/- mice and patients with CD40L deficiency suggests dysregulation in granulopoiesis and neutrophil trafficking. Together, these results point to defects in the generation and distribution of neutrophils in the absence of CD40L. The clinical characterization and elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the CD40L deficiency contribute to a better understanding of the immunopathological mechanisms associated with the disease and advance the understanding of the role of CD40L in cell development and immune response.
 
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Release Date
2024-05-04
Publishing Date
2022-12-09
 
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