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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.42.2023.tde-03102023-155818
Document
Author
Full name
Sarah Maria da Silva Napoleão
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Condino Neto, Antonio (President)
Goudouris, Ekaterini Simões
Lago, Carolina Sanchez Aranda
Sato, Maria Notomi
Title in Portuguese
Investigação clínica e genética de pacientes com susceptibilidade a infecções micobacterianas
Keywords in Portuguese
eixo IL-12/IFN- γ
genética
imunodeficiências primárias, Micobactérias
susceptibilidade mendelianas a infecções micobacterianas
Abstract in Portuguese
As imunodeficiências primárias (IDPs), ou erros inatos da imunidade (EII), são doenças causadas por alterações genéticas que resultam em susceptibilidade a infecções, autoimunidade, doenças autoinflamatórias, câncer e doenças alérgicas. A recorrência de infecções micobacterianas é um dos quadros clínicos sugestivos de EII, como a suscetibilidade mendeliana a infecções micobacterianas (MSMD), cujos indivíduos afetados possuem, precipuamente, defeito nas vias dependentes das citocinas IL-12 e IFN- γ. Foram investigados defeitos genéticos e mecanismos imunopatológicos em pacientes brasileiros com suscetibilidade a infecções micobacterianas. Pacientes que apresentam sinais sugestivos dessa susceptibilidade, como reação adversa a vacina BCG, mais de 1 caso de tuberculose extrapulmonar ou de difícil tratamento, infecções por micobactérias atípicas foram incluídos na pesquisa, com vista a identificação de possíveis outras imunodeficiências primárias. De acordo com a suspeita diagnóstica direcionada pela análise clínica de cada paciente, realizouse avaliação funcional do eixo IL-12/IFN- γ, juntamente com avaliação da capacidade de fosforilação de STAT1 (em monócitos) e STAT4 (nos linfócitos) e a expressão dos receptores de IFNGR1 e IL12RB1, além de avaliação da NADPH oxidase pelo ensaio de dihidrorodamina (DHR). Após os testes funcionais, conduziu-se a investigação genética por sequenciamento de exoma total (WES) para EII, descritos na literatura, e sequenciamento de DNA (Sanger) para confirmar os achados relacionados à suscetibilidade a infecções micobacterianas. Dezessete pacientes foram incluídos no estudo, dos quais dois apresentaram variantes patogênicas confirmadas nos genes ISG15; um no gene IFNGR1 e outro duas variantes no gene IL12RB1, todos genes já identificados como causas genéticas da MSMD. Esses achados apresentam possibilidades futuras de melhor compreensão dos componentes envolvidos na resposta imune antimicobacteriana e demais vias do sistema imunológico.
Title in English
Clinical and genetic investigation of patients with susceptibility to infections Mycobacterial
Keywords in English
genetics
IL-12/IFN- γ axis
mycobacteria, Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infections
primary immunodeficiencies
Abstract in English
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs), or inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are diseases caused by genetic alterations that result in susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory diseases, cancer, and allergic diseases. Recurrence of mycobacterial infections is one of the clinical conditions suggestive of IEI, such as Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial infections (MSMD), whose affected individuals have, primarily, a defect in the pathways dependent on the cytokines IL-12 and IFN- γ. Genetic defects and immunopathological mechanisms were investigated in Brazilian patients with susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. Patients with signs suggestive of this susceptibility, such as an adverse reaction to the BCG vaccine, more than 1 case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis or difficult-to-treat tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infections were included in the study, with a view to identifying possible other primary immunodeficiencies. According to the diagnostic suspicion guided by the clinical analysis of each patient, a functional evaluation of the IL-12/IFN- γ axis was carried out, together with an evaluation of the phosphorylation capacity of STAT1 (in monocytes) and STAT4 (in lymphocytes) and the expression of IFNGR1 and IL12RB1 receptors, in addition to evaluation of NADPH oxidase by the dihydrorodamine assay (DHR). After the functional tests, a genetic investigation was carried out using whole exome sequencing (WES) for EII, as described in the literature, and DNA sequencing (Sanger) to confirm the findings related to susceptibility to mycobacterial infections. Seventeen patients were included in the study, of which two had confirmed pathogenic variants in the ISG15 genes; one in the IFNGR1 gene and the other two variants in the IL12RB1 gene, all genes already identified as genetic causes of MSMD. These findings present future possibilities for a better understanding of the components involved in the antimycobacterial immune response and other pathways of the immune system.
 
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Release Date
2025-10-02
Publishing Date
2023-10-04
 
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