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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2023.tde-02102023-142244
Document
Author
Full name
Lucila Akune Barreiros
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Condino Neto, Antonio (President)
Lago, Carolina Sanchez Aranda
Naslavsky, Michel Satya
Sato, Maria Notomi
Title in Portuguese
Fatores genéticos e imunológicos relacionados a Síndrome Congênita do Zika em humanos
Keywords in Portuguese
auto-anticorpos
Erros inatos da imunidade
Imunogenética
Síndrome Congênita do Zika
Zika vírus
Abstract in Portuguese
O zika vírus é um flavivírus que reemergiu nas Américas em 2015 e se tornou um problema de saúde pública internacional. O aumento na prevalência de infecções pelo zika no Brasil coincidiu com o aumento da ocorrência de casos de microcefalia e outras complicações neurológicas em neonatos, cunhando a Síndrome Congênita do Zika. Apesar da gravidade de certos casos, acredita-se que apenas 20% dos infectados manifestem quaisquer sintomas da doença, adicionando-se a isso amplo espectro clínico. Estudos com modelos animais mostraram que apenas linhagens com deficiências em componentes da via de interferon do tipo I são susceptíveis aos danos neurológicos congênitos. Isso, somado a estudos com gêmeos dizigóticos com fenótipos discordantes para a síndrome,sugerem que fatores genéticos da imunidade inata do hospedeiro podem ter papel determinante no curso da infecção e do estabelecimento da síndrome. Sendo assim, o presente estudovisou investigar os mecanismos genéticos do desenvolvimento da Síndrome Congênita do Zika em humanos,com especial foco na resposta imunológica antiviral. Para isso, foram incluídas no estudo mulheres infectadas pelo vírus durante a gestação e também os respectivos filhos, com desenvolvimento normal ou com a Síndrome Congênita do Zika. A investigação genética iniciou através do sequenciamento completo de exoma de 75 indivíduos, divididos em dois grupos: um composto por 20 mães expostas e 21 crianças afetadas e o segundo composto por 14 mães expostas e 20 crianças saudáveis. Foram selecionadas para análise primária variantes raras e com predição de patogenicidade por ferramentas in silicoem genes associados aos erros inatos da imunidade.Adicionalmente, foi realizada analise exploratória de associação de variantes comuns e raras ao fenótipo da SCZ em quaisquer genes. Não houve evidência para apontar mecanismo causal, contudo foram identificadas variantes em genes que levam a fenótipos sindrômicos associados a defeitos neurológicos (KMT2A, KMT2D, RTEL1 e NFE2L2 em genes que codificam proteínas que interagem com componentes da imunidade antiviral (RELA, TNFAIP3) e genes associados ao fenótipo da síndrome congênita que sãopreferencialmente expressos no cérebro (CNTNAP3,FOXD4L6 ) .Todos esses podem ser fatores genéticos modificadores que contribuem individualmente em pequena escala para a severidade do fenótipo dos indivíduos afetados e também pode indicar não há um único gene ou mecanismo capaz de levar à SCZ, mas sim, uma multiplicidade de fatores que podem contribuir para o desfecho final.
Title in English
Genetic and immunologic factors related to Congenital Zika Syndrome in humans
Keywords in English
autoantibodies
Congenital Zika Syndrome
Immunogenetics
Inborn errors of immunity
Zika virus
Abstract in English
Zika virus is a flavivirus that re-emerged in the Americas in 2015 and has become an international public health problem. The increase in the prevalence of Zika infections in Brazil coincided with the increase in the occurrence of cases of microcephaly and other neurological complications in neonates, coining the Congenital Zika Syndrome. Despite the severity of certain cases, it is believed that only 20% of those infected children, manifest any symptoms of the disease, which presents with a broad clinical spectrum. Studies with animal models have shown that only strains with deficiencies in components of the type I interferon pathway are susceptible to congenital neurological damage. This, added to studies with dizygotic twins with discordant phenotypes for the syndrome, suggest that genetic factors of the host's innate immunity may play a decisive role in the course of the infection and the establishment of the syndrome. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms of the development of Congenital Zika Syndrome in humans, with special focus on the antiviral immune response. For this purpose, women infected by the virus during pregnancy and their children, with normal development or with Congenital Zika Syndrome, were included in the study. The genetic investigation started with the whole exome sequencing of 75 individuals, divided into two groups: one composed of 20 exposed mothers and 21 affected children and the second composed of 14 exposed mothers and 20 healthy children. Rare variants with prediction of pathogenicity by in silico tools in genes associated with inborn errors of immunity were selected for the primary analysis. Additionally, an exploratory analysis of the association of common and rare variants with the SCZ phenotype was performed, encompassing the whole exome. There was no evidence to pinpoint a causal mechanism, however variants were identified in genes that lead to syndromic phenotypes associated with neurological defects (KMT2A, KMT2D, RTEL1 and NFE2L2 ), genes that encode proteins that interact with components of antiviral immunity (RELA, TNFAIP3 ) and genes associated with the congenital syndrome phenotype that are preferentially expressed in the brain (CNTNAP3, FOXD4L6 ). All of these may be genetic modifying factors that contribute individually on a small scale to the worsening of the phenotype of affected individuals and may also indicate that this is not a single gene or mechanism leading to SCZ, but a multiplicity of factors that may contribute to the final outcome.
 
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Release Date
2025-10-01
Publishing Date
2023-10-03
 
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