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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.42.2022.tde-13102022-121545
Document
Author
Full name
Brenda Kischkel
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2022
Supervisor
Committee
Taborda, Carlos Pelleschi (President)
Almeida, Sandro Rogerio de
Barros, Mário Henrique de
Santos, André Luis Souza dos
Title in Portuguese
Explorando as vias de inflamação em infecções fúngicas endêmicas e potenciais novas estratégias de tratamento
Keywords in Portuguese
Citocina
Esporotricose
Histoplasmose
Peptidoramnomanano
Vacina
Abstract in Portuguese
Nos últimos anos o aumento do número de indivíduos imunocomprometidos contribuiu para as altas taxas globais de incidência de infecções fúngicas. O tratamento para micoses sistêmicas ainda é limitado devido a toxicidade das drogas e os longos períodos para tratamento que não protegem contra recidivas da doença. Uma alternativa para solucionar esses problemas é o desenvolvimento de vacinas e imunoterapias que podem estimular o sistema imune na resolução da doença e serem liadas a terapias antifúngicas em baixas doses (Capítulo 3). Através de ferramentas bioinformáticas, selecionamos epitopos com maiores afinidades pelas moléculas de antígeno leucocitário humano classe I (HLA-I) e classe II (HLA-II) e conservados entre diferentes espécies de fungos. Experimentos ex vivo demonstraram que esses epitopos tem potencial antigênico e podem se tornar possíveis candidatos no desenvolvimento de uma vacina peptídica pan-fúngica (Capítulo 4). Além disso, nós também identificamos importantes vias de sinalização de citocinas em resposta a esporotricose e ao peptidoramnomanano da parede celular do fungo. Nós demonstramos que a via de IL-1 é crucial para a resposta imune contra esporotricose e pode ser alvo para imunoterapias personalizadas que visam amenizar e controlar a resposta inflamatória e destruição do tecido (Capítulo 5 e 7). Por fim, nós discutimos a reposta imune da pele a infecções fúngicas e sugerimos que a patogenicidade de doenças infecciosas de pele como a esporotricose também podem estar relacionada com a imunidade treinada (Capítulo 6). Em conclusão, o conjunto de dados compilados neste trabalho contribui para o desenvovimento de novas estratégias vacinais e terapêuticas contra micoses endêmicas.
Title in English
Exploring inflammation pathways in endemic fungal infections and potential novel treatment strategies
Keywords in English
cytokine
Histoplasmosis
Peptidoramnomannan
sporotrichosis
Vaccine
Abstract in English
In recent years the increase in the number of immunocompromised individuals has contributed to the high global incidence rates of fungal infections. Treatment for systemic mycoses is still limited due to drug toxicity and long treatment periods that do not protect against disease recurrence. An alternative to solve these problems is the development of vaccines and immunotherapies that can stimulate the immune system to resolve the disease and be linked to low-dose antifungal therapies (Chapter 3). Using bioinformatics tools, we selected epitopes with greater affinities for human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) and class II (HLA-II) molecules and conserved among different fungal species. Ex vivo experiments have demonstrated that these epitopes have antigenic potential and may become possible candidates in the development of a pan-fungal peptide vaccine (Chapter 4). In addition, we also identified important cytokine signalling pathways in response to sporotrichosis and the peptidorhamnomannan from the fungal cell wall. We demonstrate that the IL-1 pathway is crucial for the immune response against sporotrichosis and can be targeted for personalized immunotherapies that aim to ameliorate and control the inflammatory response and tissue destruction (Chapter 5 and 7). Finally, we discuss the skin's immune response to fungal infections and suggest that the pathogenicity of infectious skin diseases such as sporotrichosis may also be related to trained immunity (Chapter 6). In conclusion, the set of data compiled in this work contributes to the development of new vaccine and therapeutic strategies against endemic mycoses.
 
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Release Date
2024-10-12
Publishing Date
2022-12-02
 
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