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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2018.tde-22012018-142854
Document
Author
Full name
Ricardo Di Lazzaro Filho
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Bertola, Débora Romeo (President)
Kim, Chong Ae
Perez, Ana Beatriz Alvarez
Title in Portuguese
Estudo genético-clínico de pacientes com síndromes progeróides
Keywords in Portuguese
Aconselhamento genético
Progeroide
Síndrome de Hutchinson-Gliford
Síndrome de Rothmund-Thomson
Abstract in Portuguese
Algumas síndromes genéticas monogênicas apresentam fenótipos considerados progeróides, ou seja, desenvolvem precocemente características clínicas semelhantes às observadas no envelhecimento humano normal. A relação fisiopatológica entre essas doenças e o processo de envelhecimento vem sendo estudada, sendo que o entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares em um campo contribui para a compreensão do outro. As síndromes de Hutchinson-Gilford e Rothmund-Thomson são duas condições progeróides raras, já bem caracterizadas clinicamente, que são causadas por alterações nos genes LMNA (em um alelo) e RECQL4 (nos dois alelos), respectivamente. No entanto, em cerca de 40% a 60% dos indivíduos com a síndrome de Rothmund-Thomson, não são encontradas mutações em RECQL4, constituindo um subgrupo chamado de tipo I; desse modo, os casos com alteração no gene constituem o tipo II da síndrome. Indivíduos com o tipo II apresentam um risco aumentado para o desenvolvimento de câncer, particularmente o osteossarcoma. Neste trabalho, nove pacientes com sinais progeróides foram avaliados clinicamente e tiveram o DNA sequenciado. Um paciente recebeu o diagnóstico clínico de síndrome de Hutchinson-Gilford, que foi confirmado pela mutação patogênica mais frequente encontrada no gene LMNA (p.Gly608Gly). Oito pacientes jovens, com mediana de idade de 2 anos e 2 meses, foram diagnosticados clinicamente como afetados pela síndrome de Rothmund-Thomson, cujas características clínicas mais comuns incluíam déficit pôndero-estatural, cabelos e sobrancelhas/cílios esparsos, fronte ampla, lesão cutânea (eritema em face e lesão poiquilodérmica) e anomalias ósseas, alterações típicas da síndrome. Catarata estava presente em 50% dos indivíduos. Nenhum dos pacientes desenvolveu algum tipo de tumor até o momento. O sequenciamento do gene RECQL4 mostrou a presença de três variantes patogênicas diferentes, em três probandos (37,5%), sendo dois em homozigose e um em heterozigose composta, todas já descritas previamente na literatura. Em busca de alterações em outro gene que pudesse explicar o quadro apresentado pelos pacientes sem mutação, três dos probandos, incluindo os genitores de um deles, tiveram o exoma sequenciado. No entanto, não foram encontradas, nessa etapa, variantes adicionais que explicassem na totalidade os fenótipos apresentados. Comparando os achados clínicos dos pacientes com a síndrome de Rothmund-Thomson tipo I e tipo II, foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante na incidência de catarata subcapsular nos pacientes sem mutação (p<0,05), semelhante ao que é descrito na literatura. Diante dos achados clínicos e moleculares obtidos, foi realizado o aconselhamento genético para todos os indivíduos, enfatizando a evolução, os cuidados e acompanhamentos necessários para as duas doenças em questão e fornecendo informações aos genitores dos probandos sobre o risco de recorrência para a prole futura
Title in English
Genetic and clinical study of patients with progerioid syndromes
Keywords in English
Genetic counseling
Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome
Progeroid
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome
Abstract in English
Some monogenic disorders exhibit progeroid phenotypes, in other words, they develop premature characteristics similar to those observed in normal human aging. The physiopathological correlation between these diseases and the aging process has being studied, and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms in one field contributes to the understanding of the other. The Hutchinson-Gilford and Rothmund-Thomson syndromes are two clinically well-characterized rare progerioid conditions that are caused by changes in the LMNA (in one allele) and RECQL4 (in both alleles) genes, respectively. However, in about 40% to 60% of individuals with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, no mutations are found in RECQL4, constituting a subgroup called type I; thus, cases with mutations in the gene constitute the type II group of the syndrome. Individuals with type II have an increased risk for the development of cancer, particularly osteosarcoma. In this study, nine patients with progerioid signs were clinically evaluated and had the DNA sequenced. One patient was clinically diagnosed with Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome, which was confirmed by the most frequent pathogenic mutation found in the LMNA gene (p.Gly608Gly). Eight young patients with median age of 2 years and 2 months were clinically diagnosed as affected by Rothmund-Thomson syndrome, whose most common clinical features included: short stature; sparse hair, eyebrows and eyelashes; erythematous skin lesions and poikiloderma; and bone abnormalities; all typical of the syndrome. Cataract was present in 50% of individuals. None of the patients has developed any type of tumor at this time. Sequencing of the RECQL4 gene showed the presence of three different pathogenic variants in three probands (37.5%), two in homozygous and one in compound heterozygosity, all previously described in the literature. In search of alterations in another gene that could explain the phenotype presented by the patients without mutation, three of the probands, including the parents of one of them, had the exoma sequenced. However, there were no additional variants at this stage that fully explained the phenotypes presented by these individuals. Comparing the clinical findings of patients with Rothmund-Thomson syndrome type I and type II, a statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of subcapsular cataract in patients without mutation (p <0.05), similar to that described in the literature. In light of the clinical and molecular findings, genetic counseling was performed for all individuals, emphasizing the evolution, care and follow-up needed for the two diseases in question and providing information to the parents of the probands on the risk of recurrence for future offspring
 
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Publishing Date
2018-01-31
 
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