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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2023.tde-11092023-143329
Document
Author
Full name
Luan Moldan Motta
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Quental, Tiago Bosisio (President)
Diniz Filho, José Alexandre Felizola
Hubbe, Alex Christian Rohrig
Pardini, Renata
Title in Portuguese
Sobre a estrutura espacial e temporal do Grande Intercâmbio Biótico Americano em escala local
Keywords in Portuguese
Macroecologia
Mamíferos
Registro fóssil
Abstract in Portuguese
O Grande Intercâmbio Biótico Americano (GABI) ocorreu após a conexão entre as Américas do Sul e do Norte ser estabelecida no final do Neógeno com a formação do istmo do Panamá. Um padrão evidente resultante é a assimetria na proporção de mamíferos imigrantes em cada continente, com maior proporção de imigrantes de origem norte-americana presentes na América do Sul do que vice-versa. Usando ocorrências fósseis de mamíferos disponíveis em uma base de dados online (PBDB) e Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLMs) e Modelos Lineares Generalizados Mistos (GLMMs), testamos a existência de uma estrutura espacial na proporção de imigrantes nas assembleias locais (mais de 194 assembleias locais ao todo) em relação à distância para a conexão entre continentes. Focamos em dois períodos do Pleistoceno, o que nos permitiu avaliar se tal estrutura espacial variou com o tempo. Mostramos que durante as fases iniciais do Pleistoceno existe uma relação negativa entre a proporção de imigrantes e a distância ao ponto de conexão para ambas as Américas do Sul e do Norte. Durante a fase final do Pleistoceno essa relação negativa foi novamente recuperada para a América do Norte, no entanto na América do Sul essa associação desaparece. Dadas as incertezas inerentes aos nossos dados, fizemos análises de sensibilidade em relação à incerteza na datação dos fósseis, à definição espacial de assembleias locais, à potencial autocorrelação espacial entre localidades e a potenciais vieses no espaço de preservação dos fósseis. Nossos resultados aparentam ser qualitativamente robustos a todas as fontes de incerteza. Comparamos nossos resultados espacialmente explícitos ao que seria esperado ser encontrado em escala local a partir das hipóteses clássicas propostas para explicar a assimetria regional na proporção de imigrantes. Propomos que o tempo para a expansão total da área por imigrantes é um aspecto relevante na estruturação do padrão local de imigrantes após o GABI, mas que incumbência, clima, o pool de espécies temperadas e conservadorismo de nicho também possam ter sido relevantes, e que esses aspectos deveriam ser mais explicitamente incorporados em estudos futuros que pretendam investigar a estrutura espacial local de imigrantes resultante do GABI.
Title in English
On the spatial and temporal structure of the Great American Biotic Interchange at local scale
Keywords in English
Fossil record
Macroecology
Mammals
Abstract in English
The Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) happened after the connection between North and South Americas was established during the late Neogene with the formation of the isthmus of Panama. A striking resulting pattern was the asymmetrical proportion of mammalian immigrants in each continent, with a higher proportion of northern taxa being found in South America than vice versa. Using mammal fossils occurrences available from an online public database (PBDB) and Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs), we tested if there was a spatial structure in the proportion of immigrants in the local assemblages (over 194 total local assemblages) with respect to the distance to the connection between continents. We focused our study on two Pleistocene periods, which allowed us to evaluate if such spatial structure varied with time. We showed that during early stages of the Pleistocene there was a negative relationship between the proportion of immigrants and distance to the point of connection for both North and South Americas. During the Pleistocene later stage a negative relationship was still recovered in North America, however in South America this association faded away. Due to the uncertainties inherent to our data, we did sensitivity analyses regarding the fossil dating uncertainty, the spatial definition of local assemblages, the potential spatial autocorrelation between locations and the potential fossil preservation biases in space. Our results seem qualitatively robust to all sources of uncertainty. We contrast our spatially explicit results to what would be expected at the local scale under the classical hypotheses raised to explain the regional asymmetry in the proportion of immigrants. We advocate that the time for full expansion of immigrants' range is a relevant aspect in structuring the spatial local pattern of immigrants after the GABI but that incumbency, climate, the pool of temperate species, and niche conservatism might also be relevant and more explicitly incorporated in future developments that intend to investigate the local spatial structure of immigrants resulting from the GABI.
 
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Release Date
2025-06-27
Publishing Date
2023-09-13
 
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