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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2017.tde-22082017-085845
Document
Author
Full name
Renata Cristina Cassimiro de Lemos
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2017
Supervisor
Committee
Pinna, Gladys Flávia de Albuquerque Melo de (President)
Demarco, Diego
Cardoso-Gustavson, Poliana
Ferreira, Marcelo José Pena
Teixeira, Simone de Pádua
Title in Portuguese
Anatomia, ultraestrutura e química das glândulas foliares de Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)
Keywords in Portuguese
Aminoácidos
Glândulas de resina
Lipídios
Morfologia
Nectários
Abstract in Portuguese
A ocorrência de nectários extraflorais (NEF) em espécies de Passifloraceae é muito comum e sua presença, assim como sua forma, é utilizada como característica diagnóstica para espécies do grupo. Contudo, glândulas extraflorais em Passiflora foetida L., anteriormente descritas como nectário, ao serem analisadas quanto à natureza química do exsudato, foram reconhecidas como glândulas de resina, apresentando estrutura anatômica distintas dos NEF. Desta maneira, realizamos um estudo anatômico, ultraestrutural e químico das glândulas foliares de Passiflora L., procurando estabelecer as claras diferenciações morfológicas e química dos exsudatos dos tipos glandulares presentes. Foram utilizadas técnicas de anatomia, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão. Além de testes histoquímicos para a identificação in situ das substâncias armazenadas, e técnicas de cromatografia de camada delgada e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para as análises de lipídios e aminoácidos, respectivamente, presentes nos exsudatos das glândulas foliares. Também foram utilizadas fitas para glicose, como auxílio para o reconhecimento de carboidratos e definição das glândulas como nectários. Os NEF apresentam formas muito variadas que foram agrupadas em nectários elevados e planos, ambos com anatomia similar. O néctar extrafloral além de ter grande quantidade de açúcares, também apresenta aminoácidos e lipídios em sua composição. Já as glândulas de resina são morfológica e anatomicamente muito distintas. Quimicamente, além de não apresentarem reação para os testes de açúcares, possuem grande quantidade de substâncias lipofílicas, incluindo uma variedade de terpenos, e presença de aminoácidos. As diferentes técnicas utilizadas nos permitiram melhor definir os tipos, e subtipos, glandulares, ressaltando as diferenças entre NEF e glândulas de resina. Novas hipóteses também foram propostas para a ocorrência de glândulas de resina no grupo, aumentando o número de espécies com esse tipo glandular
Title in English
Anatomy, ultrastructure and chemistry in foliar glands of Passiflora L. (Passifloraceae)
Keywords in English
Amino acids
Lipids
Morphology
Nectaries
Resin glands
Abstract in English
The occurrence of extrafloral nectaries (EFN) in Passifloraceae species is very common, such that their presence and their shape are widely used as a diagnostic characteristic for species within this group. However, extrafloral glands in Passiflora foetida L., previously described as nectaries, were recognized as resin glands when the chemical nature of the exudate was analyzed, showing a distinct anatomical structure from the EFN. Therefore, we carried out an extensive anatomical, ultrastructural and chemical study of the leaf glands of Passiflora L. The goal was to establish clear morphological and chemical differences among the exudates of the observed glandular types. Usual techniques of plant anatomy, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used. In addition to histochemical tests for the in situ identification of the stored substances, techniques of thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography were respectively employed for the analysis of lipids and amino acids present in the exudates of the foliar glands. Ribbons of glucose test were also used as an aid to the recognition of carbohydrates and the definition of glands as nectaries. The EFN showed very varied forms, which were grouped as elevated or flattened nectaries, both with similar anatomy. Additionally, to having a large amount of sugars, extrafloral nectar also had amino acids and lipids in the composition. On the other hand, resin glands were observed to be morphologically and anatomically very distinct from the EFN. Besides not reacting to sugar tests, they chemically have a large amount of lipophilic substances, including a variety of terpenes and the presence of amino acids. The different techniques used allowed us to better define the glandular types and subtypes, emphasizing the differences between EFN and resin glands. New hypotheses were also proposed for the occurrence of resin glands in the group, increasing the number of species with this glandular type
 
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Publishing Date
2017-09-22
 
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