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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2023.tde-23102023-180216
Document
Author
Full name
Ana Elisa Ribeiro Orsi
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Carramaschi, Lygia da Veiga Pereira (President)
Galante, Pedro Alexandre Favoretto
Setubal, João Carlos
Title in Portuguese
Avaliação de modelos in vitro para o estudo da inativação do cromossomo X em humanos
Keywords in Portuguese
Blastoides
Células tronco pluripotentes
Inativação do cromossomo X
Abstract in Portuguese
A inativação do cromossomo X (ICX) é um processo de compensação de dose que ocorre nas células fêmeas de mamíferos placentários. A ICX em humanos inicia-se por volta do estágio de blastocisto, e seu entendimento é prejudicado pelas dificuldades associadas ao uso de embriões em pesquisa. Para lidar com esse problema, nós avaliamos diferentes modelos para o estudo da ICX in vitro. Células no estado primed exibiram expressão monoalélica do gene MECP2, ligado ao cromossomo X, e uma única nuvem de XIST. Após conversão para o estado naive, expressão bialélica do gene MECP2 foi observada, assim como a ausência de nuvens de XIST durante as primeiras duas passagens. Avaliação de EPSCs in vitro e in silico sugeriram que essas células já passaram pelo processo de ICX. Resultados similares foram observados para células cultivadas no meio 4CL. Depois de nova conversão para o estado primed, células naive cultivadas em 5iLA passaram pela inativação do mesmo alelo do gene MECP2 previamente inativo. Por outro lado, blastoides gerados a partir de células cultivadas no meio PXGL demonstraram ICX progressiva e aleatória, apesar de viés para re-inativação do alelo de MECP2 previamente inativo ter sido observado. Esses resultados sugerem que blastoides humanos podem ser usados para o estudo da ICX humana in vitro.
Title in English
Evaluation of in vitro models for the study of human X chromosome inactivation
Keywords in English
Blastoids
Pluripotent stem cells
X chromosome inactivation
Abstract in English
X chromosome inactivation is a dose compensation mechanism that takes place in the cells of female placental mammals. Human XCI starts around the early blastocyst stage, and its understanding is hampered by the difficulties associated with the use of embryos in research. In order to address this issue, we evaluated different models for the study of XCI in vitro. Primed cells displayed monoallelic expression of the X-linked gene MECP2 and a single XIST cloud. Upon conversion to the naive state, biallelic MECP2 expression was observed, as well as absence of XIST clouds for the first two passages. Evaluation of EPSCs in vitro and in silico suggests that these cells have already undergone XCI. Similar results were observed for cells cultured in 4CL medium. After repriming, naive cells cultured in 5iLA displayed inactivation of the previously inactive MECP2 allele. On the other hand, blastoids generated from cells cultured in PXGL underwent progressive random XCI, although bias for the previously inactive allele was still observed. These results suggest that blastoids could be potentially employed for the study of human XCI in vitro.
 
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Publishing Date
2023-10-25
 
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