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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.2020.tde-15122020-143559
Document
Author
Full name
Danyllo Felipe de Oliveira
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Zatz, Mayana (President)
Mitne Neto, Miguel
Morgante, Angela Maria Vianna
Oliveira, Joao Ricardo Mendes de
Title in Portuguese
Estudos genéticos e funcionais sobre os genes VAPB e VRK1 em duas famílias portadoras de Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
Keywords in Portuguese
1. Células-tronco
2. Neurônios motores
3. Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica
4. Doenças neurodegenerativas
Abstract in Portuguese
A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica tipo 8, causada por mutações no gene VAPB, notabiliza-se pela grande variabilidade clínica e de início dos sintomas. Nesse trabalho, avaliamos possíveis fatores biológicos subjacentes a esse fenômeno. Identificamos dois pacientes que apresentavam uma manifestação branda dessa doença, aos quais denominamos ELA8 "leves", que foram comparados com outros três, com um curso clínico típico, classificados como ELA8 "graves". As análises genéticas através de a-CGH e exoma, não identificaram a presença de modificadores clássicos para essa doença. Células iPSCs foram derivadas para os três grupos experimentais (ELA8 "graves", "leves" e "controles". A partir desse modelo celular, neurônios motores foram então obtidos, e vários parâmetros funcionais e de expressão gênica puderam ser avaliados. Identificamos que os neurônios motores dos ELA8 "leves" possuíam níveis de metabolismo energético similares aos controles, bem como taxas de morte celular inferiores aos ELA8 "severos". Por outro lado, fomos também capazes de identificar 43 genes superexpressos e 66 hipoexpressos em comum entre os ELA8 "leves", quando comparados aos "controles" e "severos". A maioria desses estão relacionados a proteostase. A análise de Western blottings para proteínas marcadoras dessa via biológica (pMTOR, RPS6 e 4EBP1) confirmou esse achado, sugerindo a sua preponderância na mitigação da neurodegeneração em ELA8. Identificamos também uma grande família consanguínea portadora de um tipo autossômico recessivo de Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica. A avaliação clínica dos três afetados evidenciou a presença de alterações típicas de dano em neurônios motores superiores (hiperreflexia). O estudo do exoma dos afetados levou à identificação de uma mutação em homozigose no gene Vaccinia Related Kinase 1 (VRK1 p.R321C). A avaliação da segregação dessa variante na família confirmou sua presença apenas nos pacientes. Estudos funcionais serão, portanto, necessários para avaliar o papel dessa mutação no processo neurodegenerativo da ELA.
Title in English
Genetic and functional studies on the genes VAPB and VRK1 in two families Carrying Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Keywords in English
1. Stem cells
2. Motor neurons
3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
4. Neurodegenerative disorders
Abstract in English
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis type 8, caused by mutations at VAPB gene, characterizes by its great clinical variability and onset of symptoms. In the present work, we evaluated the possible biological factors underlying this phenomenon. We identified two patients with a very mild manifestation of this disease, which we named ALS8 "mild", who were compared with three others, with a typical clinical course, classified as ALS8 "severe". Genetic analyses through a-CGH and exome sequencing did not identify the presence of classical modifiers for this disease. iPSC cells were derived for the three experimental groups (ALS8 "severe", "mild" and "controls"). By using this cellular model, motor neurons were obtained, and several functional parameters and gene expression were evaluated. We identified that the motor neurons from the "mild" ALS8 presented levels of energetic metabolism similar to controls, as well as less cell death rates, when compared to severe ALS8 individuals. We were also able to identify 43 overexpressed genes, and 66 underexpressed, in common between the "mild"ALS when compared to "controls" and "severe" patients. Most of them, were related to proteostasis. Western blotting for marker proteins of this biological pathway (pMTOR, RPS6 and 4EBP1) confirmed this finding, suggesting its importance for mitigating ALS8 neurodegeneration. We also identified a large consanguineous family presenting an autosomal recessive type of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Clinical evaluation of the three affected individuals evidenced the presence of typical alterations of upper motor neurons (hyperreflexia). Exome sequencing for the three patients led to the identification of a homozygous mutation in the gene Vaccinia Related Kinase 1 (VRK1> p.R321C). Segregation analyses of this variant in the family confirmed its presence only in the affected individuals. Functional studies will be necessary for evaluating the role of this genetic alteration in the ALS neurodegenerative process.
 
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Publishing Date
2021-02-15
 
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