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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.39.2020.tde-14052021-101926
Document
Author
Full name
Fabian Alberto Romero Clavijo
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2020
Supervisor
Committee
Correa, Umberto Cesar (President)
Benda, Rodolfo Novellino
Menuchi, Marcos Rodrigo Trindade Pinheiro
Tani, Go
Title in Portuguese
As adaptações no jogo de futebol considerando as equipes como sistemas organizados hierarquicamente
Keywords in Portuguese
análise de jogo.
Comportamento coletivo
Hierarquia
Interação
Abstract in Portuguese
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a adaptação no jogo de futebol considerando as equipes como sistemas abertos organizados hierarquicamente. Tratam-se de sistemas multiníveis organizados em todo-parte, respectivamente macroestrutura-microestrutura, em qualquer nível da hierarquia. Foram filmados cinco jogos de futebol do Campeonato Paulista (3 jogos) e da Copa do Brasil (2 jogos) da categoria Sub-20. Os deslocamentos dos jogadores foram digitalizados por meio do software Digital Vídeo for Windows -DVIDEOW. A partir das coordenadas xe ydos posicionamentos dos jogadores foram calculadas as seguintes variáveis: centroide de cada equipe (medida de macroestrutura) e distância entre cada jogador e o centroide da sua equipe (medida de microestrutura). Os dados de cada ataque/defesa foram agrupados por meio do método de variância mínima de Ward com base na distância Euclidiana.Os resultados mostraram que: (1) houve mais padrões de microestrutura do que de macroestrutura; (2) os referidos padrões foram executados randomicamente ao longo do jogo; (3) houve correspondência entre certos padrões de ataque e defesa; (4) as equipes alcançaram o mesmo desfecho por meio de diferentes padrões e diferentes desfechos com o mesmo padrão; (5) o número de padrões variou entre as equipes e entre jogos, independentemente do resultado do jogo; (6) em todos os ataques que finalizaram em gol houve mudanças em relação ao padrão do ataque anterior, sendo que algumas dessas mudanças levaram a padrões novos. Concluiu-se que, como sistemas organizados hierarquicamente, as equipes de futebol apresentaram macro consistência e micro flexibilidade, assim como se comportam de maneira não linear ao longo do jogo e entre jogos. Além disso, as equipes tiveram a capacidade de equifinalidade intra-jogo e entre jogos, uma vez que o mesmo desfecho foi obtido por diferentes vias. Por fim, pode-se concluir que a mudança no comportamento da macro e/ou microestrutura resultou em gol, principalmente, quando a mudança implicou em comportamento novo
Title in English
Adaptation in the soccer game considering the teams as hierarchical organized systems.
Keywords in English
Collective behaviour
Game analysis.
Hierarchy
Interaction
Abstract in English
The objective of this study was to investigate the adaptation in the soccer game considering the teams as hierarchically organized open systems. These are multilevel systems organized in whole/part, respectively macrostructure-microstructure, at any level of the hierarchy. Five soccer matches of the Campeonato Paulista (3 games) and the Copa do Brasil (2 games) of the under-20 category were filmed. The players' displacements were digitized using the Digital Video for Windows - DVIDEOW software. From the x and y coordinates of the players' positions the following variables were calculated: centroid of each team (macrostructure measure) and distance between each player and the centroid of his team (microstructure measure). Data of each attack and defense were grouped using Ward's minimum variance method based on Euclidean distance. The results showed that: (1) the number of patterns of microstructure was greater than macrostructure; (2) these patterns were performed randomly throughout the game; (3) there was correspondence between certain patterns of attack and defense; (4) teams achieved the same outcome through different patterns and different outcomes with the same pattern; (5) the number of patterns varied between teams and between games, regardless of the outcome of the game; (6) in all attacks that ended with the goal there were changes in relation to the pattern of the previous attack, some of which led to new patterns. It was concluded that, as an organized hierarchically systems, soccer teams showed macro consistency and micro flexibility, as well as behave in a non-linear manner throughout the game and between games. In addition, teams had the capacity for equifinality, since the same outcome was achieved by different means. Finally, it can be concluded that the change in the behavior of the macro and/or microstructure resulted in a goal, especially when the change implied new behavior
 
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Publishing Date
2021-05-17
 
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