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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.38.2024.tde-11042024-140207
Document
Author
Full name
Carlos Moreno Pires Silva
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2024
Supervisor
Committee
Casari, Sonia Aparecida (President)
Carrijo, Tiago Fernandes
Flores, Angelico Fortunato Asenjo
Title in English
Cladistic analysis, taxonomic revision & biological notes of the termitophilous genus Xenogaster Wasmann, 1891 (Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Corotocini)"
Keywords in English
Neotropical
Physogastry
Primary homology
Systematics
Termitophily
Abstract in English
Xenogaster Wasmann, 1891, is an exclusively Neotropical genus of termite-associated beetles, which are associated with termites of the genera Nasutitermes Dudley, 1890, and Cortaritermes Mathews, 1977. In this study, a cladistic analysis and taxonomic revision of the genus were conducted, which previously included 10 known species. The cladistic analysis encompassed 27 terminals (14 from the ingroup and 13 from the outgroup) and 135 morphological characters derived from an examination of both external and internal structures. The analysis, using implicit weighting, resulted in a more parsimonious phylogenetic tree with 419 steps. This topology supported the monophyly of the genus Xenogaster, with the support of 7 transformations, including two exclusive synapomorphies. Furthermore, two new species, Xenogaster utopica sp. nov. and X. rochai sp. nov., were identified based on morphological studies. A new genus, Paraxenogaster gen. nov., was established to accommodate a species previously described in the genus Xenogaster, and the new combination Paraxenogaster fossulata comb. nov. was proposed. Additionally, the cladistic analysis revealed that the species Xenogaster mexicana Kistner & Jacobson, 1976 belongs to the genus Trachopeplus Mann, 1923, resulting in the new combination T. mexicanus comb. nov.. Both genera, Xenogaster and Paraxenogaster, along with the 13 species, were thoroughly described or redescribed, illustrated, and identification keys for the genus Xenogaster and the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Termitogastrina, to which Xenogaster belongs, were provided. Furthermore, the phenomenon of post-imaginal growth in Xenogaster was discussed based on specimens collected at several stages of development of physogastry.
Title in Portuguese
Análise cladística, revisão taxonômica & notas de biologia do gênero termitófilo Xenogaster Wasmann, 1891 (Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, Corotocini)
Keywords in Portuguese
Fisogastria
Homologia primária
Neotropical
Sistemática
Termitofilia
Abstract in Portuguese
Xenogaster Wasmann, 1891 é um gênero exclusivamente Neotropical de besouros termitófilos associados aos cupins dos gêneros Nasutitermes Dudley, 1890 e Cortaritermes Mathews, 1977. Neste estudo, realizou-se uma análise cladística e uma revisão taxonômica do gênero, que previamente incluía 10 espécies conhecidas. A análise cladística incluiu 27 terminais (14 do grupo interno e 13 do grupo externo) e 135 caracteres morfológicos, que foram derivados do exame de estruturas tanto externas quanto internas. A análise com pesagem implícita resultou em uma árvore filogenética mais parcimoniosa com 419 passos. Esta topologia sustentou a monofilia do gênero Xenogaster, com suporte em 7 transformações, incluindo duas sinapomorfias exclusivas. Adicionalmente, identificaram-se duas novas espécies, Xenogaster utopica sp. nov. e X. rochai sp. nov., com base no estudo morfológico. Um novo gênero, Paraxenogaster gen. nov., foi criado para acomodar uma espécie anteriormente descrita no gênero Xenogaster, sendo proposta a nova combinação Paraxenogaster fossulata comb. nov.. Além disso, a análise cladística revelou que a espécie Xenogaster mexicana Kistner & Jacobson, 1976 pertence ao gênero Trachopeplus Mann, 1923, sendo proposta a nova combinação T. mexicanus comb. nov.. Os dois gêneros, Xenogaster e Paraxenogaster, juntamente com as 13 espécies, foram minuciosamente descritos ou redescritos, ilustrados e incluiu-se chaves de identificação para o gênero Xenogaster e para os gêneros Neotropicais da subtribo Termitogastrina, à qual Xenogaster pertence. Adicionalmente, o fenômeno do crescimento pósimaginal em Xenogaster foi discutido com base em espécimes coletados em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento de fisogastria.
 
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Release Date
2026-03-15
Publishing Date
2024-04-23
 
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