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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.3.2016.tde-14072016-113733
Document
Author
Full name
Luiz Alberto Pereira das Neves Franco
E-mail
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2015
Supervisor
Committee
Sinatora, Amilton (President)
Albertin, Eduardo
Murray, Henara Lilian Costa
Silva, Carlos Henrique da
Souza, Roberto Martins de
Title in Portuguese
Abrasão de ferro fundido cinzento: aplicação a motores automotivos.
Keywords in Portuguese
Abrasão
Automóveis
Camisa
Cilindro
Coeficiente de atrito
Ferro fundido cinzento
Grafitas
Abstract in Portuguese
Uma parte significativa das perdas por atrito num motor automotivo resulta da ação de partículas abrasivas. Dentre as fontes possíveis, podem ser citados o próprio meio ambiente - partículas que passam pelo filtro de ar - o desgaste de partes metálicas do motor ou mesmo resíduos de combustão. Essas partículas podem ficar encrustadas em anéis do pistão, ou ficar na interface entre pistão e bloco ou camisa, e são responsáveis por sulcos axiais, na direção do movimento do pistão, observáveis em motores usados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi obter um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos de desgaste relacionados com o sulcamento de camisa/bloco e identificar conjuntos de testes laboratoriais capazes de reproduzi-los sob condições controladas. Amostras de ferro fundido cinzento (FoFo) e de aço AISI 1070 com dureza de matriz próxima daquela encontrada em FoFo (?200HV30) foram submetidas a ensaios de riscamento em tribômetros. Verificou-se que riscos executados com um endentador cônico submetido a cargas na faixa de 20 a 50 mN eram similares aos sulcos observados em camisas ou blocos. Ensaios com outros materiais, como alumínio e latão e mesmo aço de diferentes durezas contribuíram para melhorar o entendimento dos resultados. Não foi observada transição brusca entre mecanismos de abrasão. O cálculo do fator de remoção de material, fab, a partir de perfilometria óptica resultou em valores com dispersão elevada; não foi possível associa-los aos diferentes mecanismos de abrasão observados. Valores obtidos para o coeficiente de atrito no riscamento permitiram fazer uma estimativa inicial de energia gasta nos processos abrasivos do motor.
Title in English
Abrasion of gray cast iron: application to automotive engines.
Keywords in English
Abrasion
Coefficient of friction
Cylinder
Graphite
Gray cast iron
Liner
Abstract in English
A significant part of the friction losses in an automotive engine results from the abrasive action of particles. Among possible sources of such particles one can mention the environment - particles that were not retained by the filters - metallic residues from worn parts or even combustion residues. They may be picked up by piston rings and become part of their surfaces or stay loose in the piston/liner interface. Those particles are responsible for axial grooves that are observed in the liners of used engines. The objective of this work was to get a better understanding of the wear mechanisms related to liner/bore grooving and to identify a laboratory testing setup that might reproduce them under controlled conditions. Specimens of Gray Cast Iron (GCI) and of AISI 1070 steel with matrix hardness close to that found in GCI (?200HV30) were submitted to scratch tests in a tribometer. It was found that scratches performed under 20-50 mN indenter load (conical tip) were similar to grooves observed in cylinder liners. Tests with other materials such as aluminum, brass and even steel with different hardness values contributed to a better understanding of the results. No sharp transition between abrasion mechanisms was observed. Calculation of material removal factor fab from optical profilometry resulted in values with a large dispersion; they could not be associated with different abrasion mechanisms. Friction coefficient values obtained from the tests were used to make preliminary estimates of energy consumption due to abrasive processes in the engine.
 
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Publishing Date
2016-07-15
 
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