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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.1996.tde-20032024-082643
Document
Author
Full name
Alceu Salles Camargo Júnior
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 1996
Supervisor
Committee
Brinati, Marco Antonio (President)
Botter, Rui Carlos
Pires Junior, Floriano Carlos Martins
Title in Portuguese
A evolução da organização industrial do transporte marítimo regular.
Keywords in Portuguese
Transporte marítimo
Abstract in Portuguese
A organização industrial do transporte marítimo regular sofre grandes transformações nos últimos anos. O transporte maritimo regular é o responsável pela movimentação da carga geral em todo o mundo. Este setor apresentava, até os anos 70, alta cartelização. O sistema de conferências de fretes sempre foi o responsável pelo alto índice de cartelização nos tráfegos. As conferências de fretes surgiram juntamente com a prestação dos serviços marítimos regulares no final do século XIX. Contudo, algumas companhias são proibidas de ingressarem nas conferências ou interessam-se pela operação independente das conferências: são os outsiders. A utilização da carga, com a chegada da figura do conteiner no final dos anos 60, trouxe ao setor grandes transformações operacionais. O tempo de porto das embarcações diminuiu devido ao aumento nas taxas de manuseio da carga. Enormes embarcações, conhecidas como porta-conteineres, foram construídas possibilitando as companhias ganhos de escala na prestação dos serviços. Companhias de países do sudeste asiático iniciam, com os anos 80, a exploração dos serviços em alguns dos principais tráfegos. Estas companhias apresentam grande competitividade e operam com outsiders. Na década de 80, os fretes sofrem grandes e generalizadas quedas em todos os principais tráfegos do mundo. O poder das conferências de fretes começa a ser corroído.
Title in English
Untitled in english
Keywords in English
Sea transport
Abstract in English
In the last years, we have seen Strong changes in the Liners industrial organization. Linear is responsible by the shipping of the general cargo all over the world. That industry constituted a cartel until 70 s. The Freight Conference System Always was the responsible by the high levels of cartelization in the traffics. The Freight Conference was born just with the emergence of the Liner at the end of the XIX centure. However, some companies are prohibited of entering in the conferences or they concern themselves for the independente operation: theyre called outsiders. The cargo unitisation with the container, in the late 60 s, brought to the Liner much revolutions. The cargo handlings operations became easier and faster. The servisse production in large scale was possible with the introduction of the container. Great ships named fully cellular containerships, suitable to charge containers, are cheaper per ton to build and their running costs per ton are smaller too. South-east new companies began exploiting the services in some traffics early in the 80 s. They arrived with much competition and to operate outsiders. The years 80 saw general persistente falls in the freight rate in the main traffics of the worls. The Freight Conferences Market power became weaker since then. They do not control the freight rates in that more intense trade routes. However, the conferences exhibit a reasonable power in the niche traffics. Some individual companies power began to increase. The megacarriers can bring new changes to that importante sector.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-03-20
 
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