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Master's Dissertation
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.3.2003.tde-15022024-121436
Document
Author
Full name
Arthur Leotta
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
São Paulo, 2003
Supervisor
Committee
Meneghini, Julio Romano (President)
Gonçalves, Manuel Narciso Ferreira
Nishimoto, Kazuo
Title in Portuguese
Análise do escoamento em comportas de emergência instaladas no tubo de sucção de máquinas Kaplan.
Keywords in Portuguese
Comportas (Simulação numérica)
Dinâmica dos fluídos computacional
Usinas hidrelétricas
Abstract in Portuguese
Este trabalho visa analisar, hidráulica e mecanicamente, as conseqüências do fechamento emergencial de comportas tipo vagão, situadas em tubos de sucção de usinas hidrelétricas com rotores tipo Kaplan e comparar várias leis de fechamento das mesmas. Foram realizadas diversas simulações numéricas através do Método das Características, com o objetivo de analisar o efeito dos transientes hidráulicos na região das comportas em várias situações de fechamento emergencial das mesmas. Estas análises serviram para garantir uma lei de fechamento das comportas que não oferecesse riscos ao circuito hidráulico e ao conjunto turbina-gerador, principalmente devido ao empuxo axial contrário (efeito "Uplift") gerado pelo golpe de aríete reverso, quando o rotor estivesse girando à velocidade de disparo. Os resultados obtidos foram então utilizados como dados de entrada e condições de contorno para simulações numéricas do escoamento no tubo de sucção, comporta e canal de jusante, utilizando técnicas de CFD (do inglês Computational Fluid Dynamics). O intuito destas simulações foi verificar a magnitude dos esforços atuantes nas comportas, principalmente devido ao efeito "Downpull", durante o fechamento das mesmas. A validação dos resultados será feita através da comparação dos mesmos com medições em campo.
Title in English
Untitled in english
Keywords in English
Computational fluid dynamics
Hydroelectric plants
Sluices (Numerical simulation)
Abstract in English
This paper aims to analyze, from a hydraulic and mechanical viewpoint, the consequences of the emergency closure of fixed-wheel Gates type located in draft tubes of hydroelectrical powerplant with Kaplan type runners, and to compare several laws regarding their closure. A number of numerical simulations were carried out with the use of the Method of Characteristics, for the purpose of analyzing the hydraulic transients effects in the gate region, in different situations of their emergency closure. These analysis aims to guarantee a gates closure law without offering risks for the hydraulic circuit and for the rotating parts, mainly due to the counter axial thrust (uplift effect), generated by the reverse waterhammer when the runner is under runaway speed. The results obtained were then used as boundary conditions for numerical simulations of flow in the draft tube, in the gate, and in the channel, with the utilization of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) techniques. The purpose of such simulations was to check the magnitude of the forces actuating on the gates, mainly due to the "downpull" effect during the gate closure. The results validation will be done by comparison between them and the field measurements.
 
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Publishing Date
2024-02-15
 
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