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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.25.2022.tde-19052022-100909
Document
Author
Full name
Nathália Martins Lopes
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2021
Supervisor
Committee
Pegoraro, Camila de Oliveira Rodini (President)
Moysés, Raquel Ajub
Oliveira, Rodrigo Cardoso de
Xavier, Flávia Caló de Aquino
Title in English
Isolation and characterization of oral cancer stem cells in primary lesions and peripheral blood: role of the phenotypic plasticity in the process of metastasi
Keywords in English
Cancer stem cells
Circulating tumor cells
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Flow cytometry
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Phenotypical plasticity
Abstract in English
Recent evidence shows that mechanisms of tumor recurrence and metastasis, as well as failure to treat oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), are due, among other factors, to the patterns of cellular heterogeneity present in tumors that can be explained by the model of cancer stem cells (CSC). It is also known that there is a link between CSC and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which explains the greater capacity of migration and metastatic potential of CSCs compared to the other tumor cells. In addition, when tumor cells detach from the primary site of the tumor and enter the peripheral circulation, they are called circulating tumor cells (CTCs), capable of depositing in the lymph nodes and other organs, where they can proliferate and originate metastatic tumors. In this context, the present study includes both an experimental approach and a systematic literature review. The experimental approach aimed to quantify and characterize the CSC in fresh tumor tissue from primary OSCC lesions, associating biological properties related to the stem tumor and TEM phenotypes with the invasive and metastatic behavior of the OSCC. For this purpose, the expression levels of CD44 and ESA were evaluated by flow cytometry in fresh tissue samples in order to identify the CSC subpopulation as well as its CD44+ESA- (TEM/mesenchymal) and CD44+ESA+ (epithelial) subfractions, correlating these data to clinicopathological parameters. The results showed that the CD44+ESA- (mesenchymal) subpopulation was significantly associated with the degree of tumor differentiation and alcohol consumption, while the CD44+ESA+ (epithelial) subpopulation was directly correlated with the perineural invasion and regional lymph node compromising. Complementarily, considering the relevance of CTCs as minimally invasive biomarkers of cancer progression, as well as their phenotypic plasticity, a systematic review of CTC detection methodologies specifically in OSCC was performed.
Title in Portuguese
Isolamento e caracterização de células-tronco de carcinoma epidermóide de boca em tecido fresco e sangue periférico: papel da plasticidade fenotípica no processo de metástase
Keywords in Portuguese
Carcinoma epidermóide de boca
Células tumorais circulantes
Células-tronco de câncer
Citometria de fluxo
Plasticidade fenotípica
Transição epitélio-mesenquimal
Abstract in Portuguese
Evidências recentes mostram que mecanismos de recorrência tumoral e metástase, assim como a falha do tratamento do carcinoma epidermóide de boca (CEB), se devem, entre outros fatores, aos padrões de heterogeneidade celular presente nos tumores que pode ser explicado pelo modelo de células-tronco de câncer (CSC, do inglês cancer stem cells). Sabe-se, ainda, que há uma relação entre as CSC e o processo de transição epitélio-mesenquimal (TEM), que explica a maior capacidade de migração e potencial metastático desta subpopulação comparado com as demais células tumorais. Além disso, quando as células tumorais se desprendem do local primário do tumor e entram na circulação periférica são chamadas de células tumorais circulantes (CTCs), capazes de colonizarem linfonodos e outros órgãos, onde podem proliferar e originar eventuais tumores metastáticos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho inclui tanto uma abordagem experimental quanto uma revisão sistemática de literatura. A abordagem experimental teve como objetivo quantificar as CSC em tecido tumoral fresco proveniente de lesões primárias de CEB, buscando-se avaliar a associação das propriedades biológicas relacionadas ao fenótipo tronco tumoral e de TEM com o comportamento invasivo e metastático do CEB. Para esse fim, os níveis de expressão de CD44 e ESA foram avaliados por meio de citometria de fluxo em amostras teciduais frescas buscando-se identificar a subpopulação de CSC bem como suas frações CD44+ESA- (em TEM/mesenquimal) e CD44+ESA+ (epitelial), sendo todos esses dados posteriormente relacionados com parâmetros clinicopatológicos. Os resultados revelaram que a subpopulação CD44+ESA- (mesenquimal) foi significativamente associada ao grau de diferenciação tumoral e consumo de álcool, enquanto a subpopulação CD44+ESA+ (epitelial) foi diretamente correlacionada com a presença de invasão perineural e comprometimento de linfonodos regionais. De forma complementar, considerando-se a relevância das CTCs como biomarcadores minimamente invasivos da progressão do câncer, assim como sua plasticidade fenotípica, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática sobre as metodologias de detecção de CTCs especificamente em OSCC.
 
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Publishing Date
2022-05-19
 
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