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Doctoral Thesis
DOI
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.25.2023.tde-10112023-170254
Document
Author
Full name
Gerson Aparecido Foratori Júnior
Institute/School/College
Knowledge Area
Date of Defense
Published
Bauru, 2023
Supervisor
Committee
Buzalaf, Marilia Afonso Rabelo (President)
Fidalgo, Tatiana Kelly da Silva
Honório, Daniela Rios
Silva, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula e
Title in English
Epidemiological analysis and biological mechanisms associated with periodontitis and obesity during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis combined with clinical studies based on Omics techniques
Keywords in English
Metabolomics
Obesity
Periodontitis
Pregnancy
Proteomics
Saliva
Abstract in English
This study aimed to (1) assess the association between overweight and periodontitis during pregnancy through systematic review and meta-analysis (SR+MA); (2) elucidate the metabolomic profile of saliva and plasma associated with obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy; (3) compare the metabolic profile of unstimulated (US) and stimulated (SS) saliva samples from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis; (4) analyze salivary proteomics related to obesity and periodontitis in women during pregnancy (T1) and after delivery (T2); and (5) compare the proteomic profile of US and SS from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis. Regarding SR+MA, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, BVS/LILACS, Cochrane Library and SCIELO were accessed. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the risk of study bias. Most studies had a low risk of bias. A positive association between overweight/obesity and periodontitis was found (RR 2.21; 95% CI 1.533.17; p < 0.001). For the clinical studies, 126 women were recruited and, after exclusions, they were allocated into groups: obesity+periodontitis (OP); obesity/no periodontitis (OWP); normal BMI+periodontitis (NP); normal BMI/no periodontitis (NWP). Saliva and plasma samples were collected to analyze the metabolomic profile using Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). Proteins were extracted from the saliva samples and individually processed by label-free proteomics (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). In metabolomics, plasma analysis indicated that glucose (p=0.041) and phenylalanine (p=0.015) levels were positively correlated with periodontal parameters and BMI, respectively. In saliva, periodontitis was mainly associated with high levels of acetic acid (p=0.024), isovaleric acid, butyric acid, leucine, valine, isoleucine and propionic acid (p<0.001). High salivary concentrations of glycine (p=0.015), succinic acid (p=0.015) and lactate (p=0.026) were associated with obesity. Metabolites in elevated concentration in US samples compared to SS were 5-Aminopentoate, Acetic acid, Butyric acid, Propionic acid, Pyruvic acid, and Succinic acid. In proteomics, the Heat Shock Proteins 70 kDa 1A, 1B and 1-like were upregulated and were related to obesity and periodontitis separately. Albumin and Thioredoxin were upregulated in cases of periodontitis, while cystatins (mainly S, SA, SN) and Lactotransferrin were downregulated. High abundances of Submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, Protein S100-A8, Matrix metalloproteinase 9, Heat shock 70 kDa protein 2 and 6, Putative Heat shock 70 kDa protein 7, Heat shock 71 kDa protein, Haptoglobin and Plastin-1 were significant for those with obesity and periodontitis together. Substantial alterations in proteomic profile were identified after delivery. Proteins involved with immune response process, antioxidant activity, and retina homeostasis were decreased or absent in SS samples from all groups. In conclusion, a positive association was found between overweight/obesity and periodontitis during pregnancy according to SR+MA. Furthermore, saliva demonstrated a more enlightening difference than plasma for the analysis of metabolites, indicating the glucosealanine cycle, alanine metabolism, degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine, glutamate metabolism and the Warburg effect as the main metabolic pathways. Also, obesity and periodontitis remarkably altered the salivary proteome during pregnancy with substantial alterations after delivery. Finally, there are significant differences in the metabolomic and proteomic profiles of unstimulated and stimulated saliva samples from pregnant women with/without obesity and periodontitis.
Title in Portuguese
Análise epidemiológica e de mecanismos biológicos associados à periodontite e obesidade durante a gravidez: revisão sistemática e meta-análise combinada a estudos clínicos baseados em técnicas Ômicas
Keywords in Portuguese
Gravidez
Metabolômica
Obesidade
Periodontite
Proteômica
Saliva
Abstract in Portuguese
Este estudo teve como objetivo (1) avaliar a associação entre excesso de peso e periodontite durante a gravidez por meio de revisão sistemática e meta-análise (SR+MA); (2) elucidar o perfil metabolômico da saliva e plasma associado à obesidade e periodontite durante a gravidez; (3) comparar o perfil metabólico de amostras de saliva não estimulada (SNE) e estimulada (SE) de gestantes com/sem obesidade e periodontite; (4) analisar a proteômica salivar relacionada à obesidade e periodontite em mulheres durante a gravidez (T1) e após o parto (T2); e (5) comparar o perfil proteômico de SNE e SE de gestantes com/sem obesidade e periodontite. Na RS+MA, EMBASE, SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, BVS/LILACS, Biblioteca Cochrane e SCIELO foram acessados. A escala de Newcastle-Ottawa foi utilizada para avaliar o risco de viés dos estudos. A maioria dos estudos teve baixo risco de viés. Uma associação positiva entre sobrepeso/obesidade e periodontite foi encontrada (RR 2,21; IC 95% 1,533,17; p < 0,001). Para os estudos clínicos, 126 mulheres foram recrutadas e, após exclusões, foram alocadas em grupos: obesidade+periodontite (OP); obesidade/sem periodontite (OSP); IMC normal+periodontite (NP); IMC normal/sem periodontite (NSP). Amostras de saliva e plasma foram coletadas para analisar o perfil metabolômico usando Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Prótons (1H-NMR). Proteínas foram extraídas das amostras de saliva e processadas individualmente por proteômica label-free (nLC-ESI-MS/MS). Na metabolômica, a análise plasmática indicou que os níveis de glicose (p=0,041) e fenilalanina (p=0,015) estavam positivamente correlacionados com parâmetros periodontais e IMC, respectivamente. Na saliva, a periodontite foi associada principalmente a altos níveis de ácido acético (p=0,024), ácido isovalérico, ácido butírico, leucina, valina, isoleucina e ácido propiônico (p<0,001). Altas concentrações salivares de glicina (p=0,015), ácido succínico (p=0,015) e lactato (p=0,026) foram associadas à obesidade. Metabólitos em concentração elevada em amostras de SNE em comparação com SE foram 5-aminopentoato, ácido acético, ácido butírico, ácido propiônico, ácido pirúvico e ácido succínico. Na proteômica, as proteínas de choque térmico de 70 kDa 1A, 1B e 1-like estiveram superreguladas e foram relacionados à obesidade e à periodontite, separadamente. A Albumina e a Tiorredoxina estiveram superreguladas nos casos de periodontite, enquanto as Cistatinas (principalmente S, SA, SN) e a Lactotransferrina estiveram sub-reguladas. As altas abundâncias de Proteína 3B regulada por Androgênio da Glândula Submaxilar, proteína S100-A8, Metaloproteinase de Matriz 9, Proteína 2 e 6 de Choque Térmico 70 kDa, Proteína 7 de Choque Térmico Putativa 70 kDa, Proteína de Choque Térmico 71 kDa, Haptoglobina e Plastina-1 foram significativas para aqueles com obesidade e periodontite em conjunto. Alterações substanciais no perfil proteômico foram identificadas após o parto. Proteínas envolvidas com o processo de resposta imune, atividade antioxidante e homeostase da retina estiveram diminuídas ou ausentes nas amostras de SE de todos os grupos. Em conclusão, foi encontrada uma associação positiva entre sobrepeso/obesidade e periodontite durante a gravidez de acordo com SR+MA. Além disso, a saliva demonstrou uma diferença mais evidente do que o plasma para a análise de metabólitos, indicando o ciclo glicose-alanina, metabolismo da alanina, degradação da valina, leucina e isoleucina, metabolismo do glutamato e o efeito Warburg como as principais vias metabólicas. Além disso, a obesidade e a periodontite alteraram notavelmente o proteoma salivar durante a gravidez, com alterações substanciais após o parto. Por fim, existem diferenças significativas nos perfis metabolômicos e proteômicos de amostras de saliva estimulada e não estimulada de gestantes com/sem obesidade e periodontite.
 
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Release Date
2025-08-18
Publishing Date
2023-11-13
 
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